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Genetica2009; 138(2); 211-218; doi: 10.1007/s10709-009-9411-x

Mitochondrial sequence variation in ancient horses from the Carpathian Basin and possible modern relatives.

Abstract: Movements of human populations leave their traces in the genetic makeup of the areas affected; the same applies to the horses that move with their owners This study is concerned with the mitochondrial control region genotypes of 31 archaeological horse remains, excavated from pre-conquest Avar and post-conquest Hungarian burial sites in the Carpathian Basin dating from the sixth to the tenth century. To investigate relationships to other ancient and recent breeds, modern Hucul and Akhal Teke samples were also collected, and mtDNA control region (CR) sequences from 76 breeds representing 921 individual specimens were combined with our sequence data. Phylogenetic relationships among horse mtDNA CR haplotypes were estimated using both genetic distance and the non-dichotomous network method. Both methods indicated a separation between horses of the Avars and the Hungarians. Our results show that the ethnic changes induced by the Hungarian Conquest were accompanied by a corresponding change in the stables of the Carpathian Basin.
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Publication Date: 2009-09-30 PubMed ID: 19789983DOI: 10.1007/s10709-009-9411-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research studied the genetic variations in ancient horses from the Carpathian Basin and examined possible connections with modern breeds. The study used mitochondrial DNA samples from archaeological horse remains and compared them with DNA from modern Hucul and Akhal Teke horses as well as 76 other breeds. The results indicated that changes in human populations due to the Hungarian Conquest were reflected in the horses they owned.

Methodology

  • The researchers used the mitochondrial control region genotypes of 31 archaeological horse remains for their study. These remains were obtained from Avar and Hungarian burial sites in the Carpathian Basin, dating from the sixth to the tenth century.
  • Modern samples were also collected, specifically from Hucul and Akhal Teke horses, to help establish relationships with contemporary breeds.
  • An extensive genetic database was utilised, compiling mtDNA control region sequences from 76 breeds, representing 921 individual specimens, which were combined with the sequence data obtained from the ancient samples for comparison.
  • Phylogenetic relationships amongst horse mtDNA CR haplotypes were predicted using both genetic distance and the non-dichotomous network method.

Findings and Implications

  • Analysis indicated a separation between horses of the Avars and the Hungarians, suggesting that there was a significant change in the horse populations in the Carpathian Basin during this period.
  • The results suggest that the ethnic changes induced by the Hungarian Conquest were also reflected in the horses they owned. This indicates that shifts in human populations leave their marks not only in human genetic makeup but also in the animals they breed and domesticate.
  • These findings provide valuable insights into how historical human migration and conquest affected horse populations and genetics, and contribute valuable data to the understanding of equine genetic diversity and evolution.

Cite This Article

APA
Priskin K, Szabó K, Tömöry G, Bogácsi-Szabó E, Csányi B, Eördögh R, Downes CS, Raskó I. (2009). Mitochondrial sequence variation in ancient horses from the Carpathian Basin and possible modern relatives. Genetica, 138(2), 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-009-9411-x

Publication

Genetica
ISSN: 1573-6857
NlmUniqueID: 0370740
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 138
Issue: 2
Pages: 211-218

Researcher Affiliations

Priskin, K
  • Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary. priskin@brc.hu
Szabó, K
    Tömöry, G
      Bogácsi-Szabó, E
        Csányi, B
          Eördögh, R
            Downes, C S
              Raskó, I

                MeSH Terms

                • Animals
                • Archaeology
                • Base Sequence
                • DNA, Mitochondrial / genetics
                • Europe
                • Genetic Variation
                • Haplotypes
                • Horses / classification
                • Horses / genetics
                • Phylogeny
                • Sequence Analysis, DNA

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                Citations

                This article has been cited 4 times.
                1. Kang Z, Shi J, Liu T, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Wang J, Cheng S. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data and mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 nucleotide sequence reveal the origin of the Akhal-Teke horse. Anim Biosci 2023 Oct;36(10):1499-1507.
                  doi: 10.5713/ab.23.0044pubmed: 37170508google scholar: lookup
                2. Dell AC, Curry MC, Yarnell KM, Starbuck GR, Wilson PB. Mitochondrial D-loop sequence variation and maternal lineage in the endangered Cleveland Bay horse. PLoS One 2020;15(12):e0243247.
                  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243247pubmed: 33270708google scholar: lookup
                3. Cozzi MC, Strillacci MG, Valiati P, Rogliano E, Bagnato A, Longeri M. Genetic variability of Akhal-Teke horses bred in Italy. PeerJ 2018;6:e4889.
                  doi: 10.7717/peerj.4889pubmed: 30202639google scholar: lookup
                4. Sziszkosz N, Mihók S, Jávor A, Kusza S. Genetic diversity of the Hungarian Gidran horse in two mitochondrial DNA markers. PeerJ 2016;4:e1894.
                  doi: 10.7717/peerj.1894pubmed: 27168959google scholar: lookup
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