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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Dermatol / Models in vivo of wound healing in the horse and the role of...
Veterinary dermatology1997; 8(4); 259-272; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.1997.tb00272.x

Models in vivo of wound healing in the horse and the role of growth factors.

Abstract: Abstract  Wound models attempt to simulate the natural healing processes in wounds. However, all models have significant limitations due to the complexity of the tissue repair process. Much can be learned from wound models in vitro by the use of cell culture techniques. The horse can provide a suitable naturally occurring model of chronic wound healing because it has many similarities to wound healing encountered in human medicine. The tissue architecture was investigated with regard to extracellular matrix and growth factor distribution during wound healing and growth factors were consistently present in the wound area. Biochemical investigations revealed increased levels of hydroxyproline, collagen, and TGFβ1 in exuberant granulation tissue. Equine wound models were established in vitro using cell culture techniques and growth factors had significant effects on the growth of the cells and their ability to synthesize collagen. Two gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were detected in the tissues and wound fluid samples investigated. Zusammenfassung  Wundmodelle haben zum Ziel, die natürlichen Heilungsprozesse in Wunden zu simulieren. Allen Modellen sind durch den komplexen Gewebsheilungsprozess deutliche Grenzen gesetzt. Durch die Verwendung von Zellkulturtechniken kann von Wundmodellen in vitro viel abgeleitet werden. Das Pferd stellt wegen der vielen Ähnlichkeiten zur humanmedizinischen Wundheilung ein geeignetes Modell für chronische Wundheilung dar. Die Gewebsarchitektur wurde bezüglich der Verteilung von extrazellulärer Matrix und von Wachtumsfaktoren während der Wundheilung untersucht; Wachtsumsfaktoren waren ständig in der Wunde vorhanden. Biochemische Untersuchungen ergaben erhöhte Hydroxyprolin-, Kollagenund TGFβ1-Spiegel. Wundmodelle beim Pferd in vitro und Zellkulturtechniken wurden entwickelt; Wachstumsfaktoren hatten deutliche Wirkung auf die Zellen und ihre Fahigkeit zur Kollagensynthese. Zwei Gelatinasen (MMP-2 und MMP-9) wurden im Gewebe identifiziert und Wundflüssigkeitsproben untersucht. [Cochrane, C.A. Models in vivo of wound healing in the horse and the role of growth factors. (Wundheilungsmodelle in vivo beim Pferd und die Rolle von Wachstunisfaktoren). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8: 259-272] Resumen  Los modelos de heridas intentan estimular el proceso natural de curación de heridas. Sin embargo, todos 10s modelos presentan limitaciones considerables debido a la complejidad del proceso de curación de heridas. Se puede aprender mucho de modelos de heridas in vitro mediante el uso de técnicas de cultivo celular. El caballo puede suponer un modelo natural adecuado de curación crónica de heridas ya que se asemeja a la curación de heridas en medicina humana. Se investigó la arquitectura tisular en referencia a la matriz extracelular y la distribución de factores de crecimento viendo que los factores de crecimiento se encontraban presentes de forma constante en el área de la herida. Las investigaciones bioquímicas revelaron incremento en los niveles de hidroxiprolina, colágeno y TGFbl en tejido de granulación exhuberante. Se establecieron modelos in vitro de heridas equinas utilizando técnicas de cultivo celular y los factores de crecimiento tuvieron efectos significativos en el crecimiento de las células y su capacidad de sintetizar colágeno. Se detectaron dos gelatinasas (MMP-2 y MMP-9) en 10s tejidos y muestras de fluidos de las heridas investigadas. [Cochrane, C.A. Models in vivo of wound healing in the horse and the role of growth factors. (Modelos de curacion de heridas in vivo en el caballo y el papel de 10s factores de crecimiento). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8: 259-272] Résumé  Les modèles de plaies tentent de simuler les processus naturels de cicatrisation. Cependant tous les modèles ont des limitations significatives dues à la complexité des processus de réparation des tissus. Beaucoup peut être étudié sur des modèles de plaies in vitro suite à l'utilisation des techniques de culture cellulaire. Le cheval peut constituer un modèle nature1 fiable de cicatrisation chronique de plaie de par les nombreuses similarités qu'il partage avec la cicatrisation des plaies en médecine humaine. L'architecture tissulaire a étéétudiée concernant la matrice extracellulaire et la distribution des facteurs de croissance pendant la cicatrisation, et les facteurs de croissance se sont montrés présents de façon consistante dans la zone de la plaie. Des investigations biochimiques ont révélé une élévation des taux d'hydroxyproline, collagène, et TGFβ1 dans la granulation tissulaire exubérante. Des modèles équins de plaies ont étéétablis in vivo en utilisant des techniques de culture cellulaire et les facteurs de croissance ont montré des effets significatifs sur la croissance des cellules et leur capacité de synthétiser le collagène. Deux gélatinases (MMP-2 et MMP-9) ont été détectées dans les tissus et les échantillons de fluide des plaies ont été analysés. [Cochrane, C.A. Models in vivo of wound healing in the horse and the role of growth factors. (Modeles in vivo de cicatrisation des plaies chez le cheval et role des facteurs de croissance). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8: 259-272].
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Publication Date: 1997-12-01 PubMed ID: 34645018DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.1997.tb00272.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores wound healing in horses and how growth factors contribute to the process. The study uses both in vitro and in vivo models, investigating the presence and impact of growth factors, collagen synthesis, and certain enzymes in the healing tissues.

Objective and Methodology

  • The study’s goal was to understand natural wound healing processes better, using horses as a model because their healing closely mirrors human healing.
  • To do this, the researchers closely examined how tissue repairs itself during healing. They scrutinized the architecture of the tissue, distribution of growth factors, and the extra-cellular matrix during the healing process.
  • They used both in vivo (within the living organism) and in vitro (in a controlled environment outside of the living organism, like a petri dish) models to gain this understanding.

Findings

  • Growth factors were found to be consistently present in the wound area. These proteins bind to receptors on the cell surface and stimulate cellular proliferation and differentiation, playing an important role in wound healing.
  • Biochemical investigations revealed increased levels of hydroxyproline, collagen, and TGFβ1 (Transforming Growth Factor beta 1) in the wound tissue, also known as exuberant granulation tissue. Hydroxyproline and collagen are important components of the extracellular matrix, which is crucial during wound healing. TGFβ1 is a growth factor known to play many roles in wound healing, including inflammation control and collagen production.
  • The in vitro models established using cell culture techniques demonstrated that numerous growth factors significantly impact cell growth and collagen synthesis.
  • Two gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), types of enzymes that can break down the extracellular matrix, were detected both in the tissues and wound fluid samples. This could possibly contribute to the regulation of tissue remodeling during wound healing.

Conclusion

  • This research provides valuable insights into the process of wound healing, detailing the role of several crucial substances and factors.
  • Understanding wound healing in horses helps in predicting and improving human wound healing, owing to the similarities between the two.
  • The study brings to light the importance of examining both in vivo and in vitro models to get a broader understanding of such biological processes.

Cite This Article

APA
Cochrane CA. (1997). Models in vivo of wound healing in the horse and the role of growth factors. Vet Dermatol, 8(4), 259-272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.1997.tb00272.x

Publication

Veterinary dermatology
ISSN: 1365-3164
NlmUniqueID: 9426187
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Pages: 259-272

Researcher Affiliations

Cochrane, Christine A
  • University of Liverpool, Equine studies division, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral, Merseyside L64 7TE, UK.

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Citations

This article has been cited 7 times.
  1. Semik-Gurgul E, Gurgul A, Szmatoła T. Transcriptome and methylome sequencing reveals altered long non-coding RNA genes expression and their aberrant DNA methylation in equine sarcoids. Funct Integr Genomics 2023 Aug 8;23(3):268.
    doi: 10.1007/s10142-023-01200-2pubmed: 37552338google scholar: lookup
  2. Martano M, Altamura G, Power K, Liguori P, Restucci B, Borzacchiello G, Maiolino P. Beclin 1, LC3 and P62 Expression in Equine Sarcoids. Animals (Basel) 2021 Dec 23;12(1).
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  3. Jørgensen E, Bjarnsholt T, Jacobsen S. Biofilm and Equine Limb Wounds. Animals (Basel) 2021 Sep 27;11(10).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11102825pubmed: 34679846google scholar: lookup
  4. Martano M, Power K, Restucci B, Pagano I, Altamura G, Borzacchiello G, Maiolino P. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in equine sarcoid. BMC Vet Res 2018 Sep 3;14(1):266.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1576-zpubmed: 30176852google scholar: lookup
  5. Alkhilaiwi F, Wang L, Zhou D, Raudsepp T, Ghosh S, Paul S, Palechor-Ceron N, Brandt S, Luff J, Liu X, Schlegel R, Yuan H. Long-term expansion of primary equine keratinocytes that maintain the ability to differentiate into stratified epidermis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018 Jul 4;9(1):181.
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