Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Adrenergic Receptor Beta 2 (ADRB2) Gene before and after Exercise in the Horse.
Abstract: The adrenergic receptor beta 2 (ADRB2) plays a role in various physiological responses of the muscle to exercise, such as contraction and relaxation. Given its important role in muscle function, we investigated the structure of the horse ADRB2 gene and its expression pattern after exercise to determine if it can serve as a putative biomarker for recovery. Evolutionary analyses using synonymous and non-synonymous mutation ratios, were compared with other species (human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, cow, pig, chicken, dog, and cat), and revealed the occurrence of positive selection in the horse ADRB2 gene. In addition, expression analyses by quantitative polymerase chain reaction exhibited ubiquitous distribution of horse ADRB2 in various tissues including lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, thyroid, appendix, colon, spinal cord and heart, with the highest expression observed in the lung. The expression of ADRB2 in skeletal muscle was significantly up-regulated about four folds 30 minutes post-exercise compared to pre-exercise. The expression level of ADRB2 in leukocytes, which could be collected with convenience compared with other tissues in horse, increased until 60 min after exercise but decreased afterward until 120 min, suggesting the ADRB2 expression levels in leukocytes could be a useful biomarker to check the early recovery status of horse after exercise. In conclusion, we identified horse ADRB2 gene and analyzed expression profiles in various tissues. Additionally, analysis of ADBR2 gene expression in leukocytes could be a useful biomarker useful for evaluation of early recovery status after exercise in racing horses.
Publication Date: 2015-05-01 PubMed ID: 25924960PubMed Central: PMC4412999DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0573Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research explores the role of the Adrenergic Receptor Beta 2 (ADRB2) gene in horses, how it responds to exercise, and its potential as a recovery biomarker. The gene influences muscle response to activity, including contraction and relaxation.
Molecular Structure and Evolutionary Analysis of Horse ADRB2 Gene
- The study investigates the structure of ADRB2 in horses, provides insights into its molecular character, and explores how evolution and mutation have shaped its form.
- The research employs synonymous and non-synonymous mutation ratios, measures that allow the examination of evolutionary pressure and selection processes.
- Among various species studied that include humans, dogs, cats, cows, pigs, and more, the research reveals evidence of positive selection in the ADRB2 gene of horses.
Tissue Distribution and Expression of Horse ADRB2
- The expression of ADRB2 is found in numerous horse tissues, including lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, thyroid, colon, and heart. The research details the highest gene expression in the lungs which is an important finding.
- The study includes an analysis of ADRB2 expression in skeletal muscle, focusing on response to exercise.
- ADRB2 expression in the skeletal muscle significantly increases – around fourfold – 30 minutes after exercise. This indicates the gene plays an active role in post-exercise muscular response and recovery.
ADRB2 Expression in Leukocytes as a Potential Biomarker
- The research also explores ADRB2 expression in horse leukocytes, white blood cells that are easy to collect and measure.
- Following exercise, the expression of ADRB2 in these cells spikes until 60 minutes into recovery, after which it decreases until the 120-minute mark.
- The distinctive pattern suggests that the ADRB2 expression levels in leukocytes could function as an effective biomarker, reflecting early recovery status after exercise in horses.
Conclusion
The identification and analysis of horse ADRB2 gene indicates that it has insights to offer into exercise response and recovery. Notably, the study suggests its expression in leukocytes post-exercise could serve as a potentially valuable biomarker for determining how a horse is recovering from an exercise routine.
Cite This Article
APA
Cho HW, Shin S, Song KD, Park JW, Choi JY, Lee HK, Cho BW.
(2015).
Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Adrenergic Receptor Beta 2 (ADRB2) Gene before and after Exercise in the Horse.
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 28(5), 686-690.
https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.14.0573 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea.
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea .
- Genomic informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea .
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea.
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea.
- Genomic informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea .
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea.
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Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Yang Z, Mu Y, Wang Y, He F, Shi L, Fang Z, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Geng G, Zhang S. Characterization of a Novel TtLEA2 Gene From Tritipyrum and Its Transformation in Wheat to Enhance Salt Tolerance.. Front Plant Sci 2022;13:830848.
- Aiken GE, Flythe MD, Kagan IA, Ji H, Bush LP. Mitigation of Ergot Vasoconstriction by Clover Isoflavones in Goats (Capra hircus).. Front Vet Sci 2016;3:17.
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