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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2022; 11(10); 1194; doi: 10.3390/pathogens11101194

Molecular Epidemiological Investigation of Piroplasms and Anaplasmataceae Bacteria in Egyptian Domestic Animals and Associated Ticks.

Abstract: Piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis are serious tick-borne diseases (TBDs) that are concerning for the public and animal health. This study aimed to detect the molecular prevalence and epidemiological risk factors of Piroplasma and Anaplasma species in animal hosts and their associated ticks in Egypt. A total of 234 blood samples and 95 adult ticks were collected from animal hosts (112 cattle, 38 sheep, 28 goats, 26 buffaloes, 22 donkeys, and 8 horses) from six provinces of Egypt (AL-Faiyum, AL-Giza, Beni-Suef, Al-Minufia, Al-Beheira, and Matruh). Blood and tick samples were investigated by polymerase chain reaction coupled with sequencing targeting 18S and 16S RNA genes for Piroplasma and anaplasmataceae, respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted on the potential epidemiological factors. Of the 234 animals examined, 54 (23.08%) were positive for pathogens DNA distributed among the six provinces, where 10 (4.27%) were positive for Piroplasma, 44 (18.80%) for anaplasmataceae, and 5 (2.14%) were co-infected. Co-infections were observed only in cattle as Theileria annulata and Anaplasma marginale plus Babesia bigemina, A. marginale plus B. bigemina, and T. annulata plus B. bigemina. Piroplasmosis was recorded in cattle, with significant differences between their prevalence in their tick infestation factors. Animal species, age, and tick infestation were the potential risk factors for anaplasmosis. All ticks were free from piroplasms, but they revealed high prevalence rates of 72.63% (69/95) with anaplasmataceae. We identified T. annulata, B. bigemina, and A. marginale in cattle; A. platys in buffaloes; A. marginale and A. ovis in sheep; for the first time, A. ovis in goats; and Ehrlichia sp. in Rhipicephalus annulatus ticks. Our findings confirm the significant prevalence of piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis among subclinical and carrier animals in Egypt, highlighting the importance of the government developing policies to improve animal and public health security.
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Publication Date: 2022-10-16 PubMed ID: 36297251PubMed Central: PMC9609901DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101194Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article studied and detected the prevalence of two tick-borne diseases, Piroplasmosis and Anaplasmosis, in various domestic animals and their ticks in Egypt. The study also examines the epidemiological risk factors associated with these diseases.

Sample Collection and Examination

  • The samples for the research came from 234 animals in six provinces of Egypt, along with 95 adult ticks associated with these animals.
  • Animal hosts included cattle, sheep, goats, buffaloes, donkeys, and horses.
  • Using polymerase chain reaction, the team looked for Piroplasma and Anaplasmataceae in the animal blood and tick samples.

Key Findings

  • Out of the total animals considered, 54 (23.08%) were found positive for the pathogen’s DNA that causes these diseases.
  • The presence of the pathogens was distributed across six provinces of Egypt.
  • They found that 10 animals were positive for Piroplasma, 44 for Anaplasmataceae, and five showed co-infection.
  • Uniquely, the co-infections were observed only in the cattle, where multiple types of pathogens were discovered.
  • It was recorded that piroplasmosis only affected cattle, with a significant variance across different provinces based on tick infestation factors.

Epidemiological Risk Factors

  • The researchers identified animal species, age, and tick infestation as the most relevant risk factors for anaplasmosis.
  • Contrarily, all the ticks were free from piroplasms, but they revealed high prevalence rates of 72.63% with Anaplasmataceae.

Conclusion and Recommendations

  • The research confirmed a high prevalence of piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis among the animals which were not showing any symptoms and were behaving as disease carriers.
  • This discovery underscores the need for governmental policies to improve animal and public health security in Egypt due to its significant impact on public health and animal production.

Cite This Article

APA
Abdel-Shafy S, Abdullah HHAM, Elbayoumy MK, Elsawy BSM, Hassan MR, Mahmoud MS, Hegazi AG, Abdel-Rahman EH. (2022). Molecular Epidemiological Investigation of Piroplasms and Anaplasmataceae Bacteria in Egyptian Domestic Animals and Associated Ticks. Pathogens, 11(10), 1194. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101194

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 10
PII: 1194

Researcher Affiliations

Abdel-Shafy, Sobhy
  • Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Donkki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
Abdullah, Hend H A M
  • Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Donkki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
Elbayoumy, Mohamed K
  • Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Donkki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
Elsawy, Bassma S M
  • Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Donkki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
Hassan, Mohamed R
  • Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Donkki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
Mahmoud, Mona S
  • Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Donkki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
Hegazi, Ahmed G
  • Department of Zoonotic Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Donkki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
Abdel-Rahman, Eman H
  • Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Donkki, Giza 12622, Egypt.

Grant Funding

  • 12070104 and 12050508 / National Research Centre

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declared no conflict of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and publication of this article.

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