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Molecular biology reports2024; 51(1); 932; doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-09846-2

Molecular identification and genetic variability of equine and bovine ocular setariasis in india: molecular profiling by mitochondrial genes.

Abstract: Ocular setariasis is an ectopic infection caused by a parasite under the genus Setaria. Adult worms belong to the Setariidae family and typically reside in the peritoneal cavity of ungulates. However, immature forms of these species may aberrantly migrate to the eyes of cattle, buffalo, goats, horses and several other hosts, leading to corneal opacity and blindness. Here, we have distinguished the Setaria digitata collected from both equine and buffalo hosts based on the morphology, molecular profiling of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 (Cox3) and, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NAD1) genes. Results: A single filarial worm was collected from the eye of one equine and one bovine host. These worms were then processed for morphological examination and DNA isolation. Cox1, Cox3 and NAD1 genes were amplified using specific primers and subjected to custom sequencing. The sequences were then used for multiple sequence alignment, assessment of entropy, similarity and haplotype diversity analysis. Key morphological features confirmed the worms collected were male and female Setaria digitata from equine and buffalo hosts, respectively. Cox1, Cox3 and NAD1 gene sequence analysis showed a close association of S.digitata Indian isolates with its counterparts from Sri Lanka and China isolates. Conclusions: The phylogram of bovine S. digitata sequences shows a close relationship to other equine S. digitata sequences, indicating the need for further in-depth studies on the prevalence of infection across various host species and intermediate hosts. Although the sequence results suggest that S. digitata is likely the causative agent of ocular setariasis in India, additional samples are needed to confirm this conclusion. Comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and proteome of S. digitata from both bovine and equine hosts is necessary to explore variations in host-parasite interactions. These findings will aid in future parasite identification, investigations into vector prevalence in India, and the development of control measures against ocular setariasis.
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
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Publication Date: 2024-08-24 PubMed ID: 39180621PubMed Central: 8066632DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09846-2Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This research investigates the genetic makeup of parasites causing ocular setariasis, an eye disease found in cattle and horses, in India. Using molecular profiling techniques, the researchers have identified specific details about the species and even sex of the parasite, and have found similarities with parasites from Sri Lanka and China.

Study Overview

  • The study focuses on ocular setariasis, a parasitic infection that aberrantly migrates to the eyes of cattle, buffalo, goats, horses, and other hosts. This disease can lead to corneal opacity and blindness, and the parasites involved come from the Setaria genus.
  • Two filarial worms were collected, one each from an equine and a bovine host, then processed for morphological examination and DNA isolation.

Molecular Profiling and Genetic Variability Analysis

  • Researchers amplified three mitochondrial genes – Cox1, Cox3 and NAD1 – using specific primers before subjecting them to custom sequencing.
  • The obtained sequences were used to align multiple sequences and assess their similarity, entropy, and haplotype diversity.
  • Morphological features confirmed the worms to be male and female Setaria digitata from equine and buffalo hosts respectively.
  • Gene sequence analysis showed that the Indian S. digitata isolates closely associate with their counterparts from Sri Lanka and China.

Study Conclusion and Future Work

  • The study reveals that bovine S. digitata sequences show a close relationship to equine S. digitata sequences, highlighting the need for further in-depth studies on the infection’s prevalence across various host species and intermediate hosts.
  • The researchers emphasize that although their sequence results suggest that S. digitata is likely the causative agent of ocular setariasis in India, additional samples are needed to confirm this.
  • Future studies were also suggested to encompass a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and proteome of S. digitata from both bovine and equine hosts to explore possible variations in host-parasite interactions.
  • The results of this research might help guide future parasite identification, investigations into vector prevalence in India, and the development of control measures against ocular setariasis.

Cite This Article

APA
Anandu S, Tanuj GN, Vijayasarathi MK, Manjusha KM, Samanta S, Bandyopadhyay S, Sankar M. (2024). Molecular identification and genetic variability of equine and bovine ocular setariasis in india: molecular profiling by mitochondrial genes. Mol Biol Rep, 51(1), 932. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-09846-2

Publication

Molecular biology reports
ISSN: 1573-4978
NlmUniqueID: 0403234
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 51
Issue: 1
Pages: 932

Researcher Affiliations

Anandu, S
  • Division of Parasitology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Tanuj, Guntru Narasimha
  • Division of Animal Biotechnology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Vijayasarathi, M K
  • Division of Parasitology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
  • Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
Manjusha, K M
  • Division of Surgery, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Samanta, Subhamoy
  • Division of Parasitology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Bandyopadhyay, Subhashish
  • Division of Parasitology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Sankar, M
  • Division of Parasitology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. drsankarm@gmail.com.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses / parasitology
  • Cattle
  • India
  • Setaria Nematode / genetics
  • Genes, Mitochondrial / genetics
  • Phylogeny
  • Setariasis / genetics
  • Setariasis / parasitology
  • Genetic Variation
  • Electron Transport Complex IV / genetics
  • Female
  • Male
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horse Diseases / genetics
  • Buffaloes / parasitology
  • Buffaloes / genetics
  • Cattle Diseases / parasitology
  • Cattle Diseases / genetics

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