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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Orthopedic Diseases in the Pura Raza Española Horse: Th...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(22); 3471; doi: 10.3390/ani13223471

Orthopedic Diseases in the Pura Raza Española Horse: The Prevalence and Genetic Parameters of Angular Hoof Deviations.

Abstract: Abnormalities in hoof shape are usually connected with limb conformation defects. The role of angular hoof deviations is important for longevity in sports competitions and is increasingly recognized as a factor associated with lameness in performance horses. In this paper, we measured the prevalence of four defects related to the angulation of the hoof in the Pura Raza Española horse (PRE): splay-footed forelimb (SFF), pigeon-toed forelimb (PTF), splay-footed rear limb (SFR), and pigeon-toed rear limb (PTR). A total of 51,134 animals were studied, of which only 15.75% did not have any of the four angular hoof defects investigated, while 26.61%, 23.76%, 79.53%, and 3.86% presented SFF, PTF, SFR, and PTR, respectively. Angular defects were evaluated using two different models; model A was a linear scale composed of three categories, where 0 corresponded to the absence of defects, 1 to a minor presence of the defect and 2 to the highest degree of the defect. Model B was composed of two categories, where 0 corresponded to the absence of defects and 1 to the presence of defects, joining classes 1 and 2. We measured the factors influencing the appearance of these defects: age, inbreeding coefficient, sex, and birth stud size. The heritability of each defect was also estimated using a multivariate animal model, using the Gibbsf90+ software from the BLUPF90 family, resulting in heritability estimates of 0.18 (s.d. = 0.009), 0.20 (s.d. = 0.010), 0.11 (s.d. = 0.009), and 0.31 (s.d. = 0.010) for SFF, PTF, SFR, and PTR defects, respectively, for model A, and 0.17 (s.d. = 0.008), 0.19 (s.d. = 0.009), 0.11 (s.d. = 0.009), and 0.29 (s.d. = 0.009) for SFF, PTF, SFR, and PTR defects, respectively, for model B. Finally, the genetic correlation between the diameter of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and the proportionality index (PI) in relation to the higher or lower prevalence of the defects was analyzed. We concluded that diameter of SDFT development is strongly correlated with inward toe conditions (PTF, PTR; ≥ 0.95), while PI is associated with outward toe defects (SFF, SFR; ≥ 0.95).
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Publication Date: 2023-11-10 PubMed ID: 38003089PubMed Central: PMC10668699DOI: 10.3390/ani13223471Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the prevalence and genetic influence of certain hoof shape abnormalities in Pura Raza Española horses. It also identifies how factors such as age, inbreeding, sex, and stud size influence these abnormalities and their relationship with the superficial digital flexor tendon’s diameter and the proportionality index.

Study Overview and Methodology

  • The research is concerned with angular hoof defects in Pura Raza Española horses. Specifically, four defects were analyzed: splay-footed forelimb, pigeon-toed forelimb, splay-footed rear limb, and pigeon-toed rear limb.
  • A total of 51,134 animals were studied, providing a large sample size for the research. Each horse was evaluated on the presence and severity of these four defects.
  • Two models were created to assess the defects. Model A had three categories (0 for absence, 1 for minor presence, and 2 for a severe defect), while Model B had two categories (0 for absence and 1 for presence of defect, combining the minor and severe defect categories from Model A).

Findings on Prevalence and Factors Influencing Hoof Defects

  • The researchers found that a majority of studied horses had at least one of the four angular hoof defects. The occurrence rates ranged from 3.86% (pigeon-toed rear limb) to 79.53% (splay-footed rear limb).
  • Different factors were examined to understand their relationship with these defects: age, inbreeding coefficient, sex, and the size of the stud at birth.

Heritability Factors of Hoof Defects in Horses

  • The study used a multivariate animal model to estimate the heritability of each hoof defect. These estimates help understand how much genetics play a role in the development of each defect.
  • Splay-footed and pigeon-toed defects in both forelimbs and rear limbs were found to be partially heritable, with estimated heritability values ranging between 0.11 (for splay-footed rear limb) and 0.31 (for pigeon-toed rear limb).

Correlation Between Hoof Defects and Other Physical Attributes

  • The researchers also explored the genetic correlation between the diameter of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and the proportionality index (PI) in relation to the prevalence of the defects.
  • A strong correlation was found between the diameter of the SDFT and inward toe conditions (pigeon-toed forelimb and rear limb), and between PI and outward toe defects (splay-footed forelimb and rear limb).

In conclusion, the study found angular hoof defects in the Pura Raza Española horses to be fairly common and influenced by various factors including genetics. The correlated findings between certain physical attributes and the defects could be highly valuable for breeders.

Cite This Article

APA
Ripollés-Lobo M, Perdomo-González DI, Azor PJ, Valera M. (2023). Orthopedic Diseases in the Pura Raza Española Horse: The Prevalence and Genetic Parameters of Angular Hoof Deviations. Animals (Basel), 13(22), 3471. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13223471

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 22
PII: 3471

Researcher Affiliations

Ripollés-Lobo, María
  • Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain.
Perdomo-González, Davinia Isabel
  • Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain.
Azor, Pedro Javier
  • Real Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Caballos de Pura Raza Española, 41014 Seville, Spain.
Valera, Mercedes
  • Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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