English
Oxygen-sensitive membrane transporters in vertebrate red cells.
Abstract: Oxygen is essential for all higher forms of animal life. It is required for oxidative phosphorylation, which forms the bulk of the energy supply of most animals. In many vertebrates, transport of O(2) from respiratory to other tissues, and of CO(2) in the opposite direction, involves red cells. These are highly specialised, adapted for their respiratory function. Intracellular haemoglobin, carbonic anhydrase and the membrane anion exchanger (AE1) increase the effective O(2)- and CO(2)-carrying capacity of red cells by approximately 100-fold. O(2) also has a pathological role. It is a very reactive species chemically, and oxidation, free radical generation and peroxide formation can be major hazards. Cells that come into contact with potentially damaging levels of O(2) have a variety of systems to protect them against oxidative damage. Those in red cells include catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. In this review, we focus on a third role of O(2), as a regulator of membrane transport systems, a role with important consequences for the homeostasis of the red cell and also the organism as a whole. We show that regulation of red cell transporters by O(2) is widespread throughout the vertebrate kingdom. The effect of O(2) is selective but involves a wide range of transporters, including inorganic and organic systems, and both electroneutral and conductive pathways. Finally, we discuss what is known about the mechanism of the O(2) effect and comment on its physiological and pathological roles.
Publication Date: 2000-04-06
PubMed ID: 10751155DOI: 10.1242/jeb.203.9.1395Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Review
Summary
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This research focuses on the role of oxygen as a regulator of membrane transport systems in vertebrate red blood cells, which has significant implications for cell and organism homeostasis. It explores how oxygen control of red cell transporters is prevalent in the vertebrate kingdom, and affects a wide variety of transporters, both electroneutral and conductive.
Overview and Context
- The paper begins by establishing the essential role of oxygen in higher forms of animal life, specifically for oxidative phosphorylation – the main source of energy for most animals. It explains how oxygen, within the body, is transported from respiratory tissues to other parts of the body, and how carbon dioxide is transported in the opposite direction, by red blood cells.
- These red cells are described as specialized for carrying out this respiratory function and have an inbuilt enhancement system for oxygen and carbon dioxide carrying capacity. This system employs intracellular haemoglobin, carbonic anhydrase, and the membrane anion exchanger (AE1), which elevates the carrying capacity by approximately 100 times.
- The authors note a pathological role of oxygen. Due to its reactive nature, oxygen can induce oxidation, generate free radicals and form peroxides, which can pose significant dangers. Therefore, cells have protection mechanisms against oxidative damage – in red cells, these include catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione.
Oxygen as a Cellular Transport Regulator
- The main focus of the review is on the function of oxygen as a regulator of membrane transport systems. This role is explored in-depth as it bears important implications on the homeostasis of the red cell and the organism as a whole.
- Through the study, it has been demonstrated that oxygen’s regulatory impact on red cell transporters is seen throughout all vertebrates. It has a selective impact but affects a broad spectrum of transporters, including inorganic, organic, electroneutral, and conductive pathways.
Mechanisms and Implications of Oxygen Regulation
- Lastly, the research delves into what is known about the mechanism of the oxygen effect and provides commentary on its physiological and pathological roles. While detail is not provided in the abstract, the implication is that understanding how oxygen regulates membrane transport systems can provide fundamental insights into the functionality and endurance of cells under different oxygen conditions. This has broad implications not only for biology but also for medical applications where oxygen levels may be manipulated.
Cite This Article
APA
Gibson JS, Cossins AR, Ellory JC.
(2000).
Oxygen-sensitive membrane transporters in vertebrate red cells.
J Exp Biol, 203(Pt 9), 1395-1407.
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.9.1395
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinary Preclinical Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK. jsgibson@sghms.ac.uk
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Birds
- Carrier Proteins / blood
- Carrier Proteins / physiology
- Cattle
- Erythrocyte Membrane / metabolism
- Erythrocyte Membrane / physiology
- Ferrets
- Fishes
- Horses
- Humans
- Ion Transport / physiology
- Lampreys
- Oxygen / blood
- Oxygen / physiology
- Ranidae
- Sheep
Citations
This article has been cited 32 times.- Lu DC, Hannemann A, Gibson JS. Does Plasma Inhibit the Activity of KCl Cotransport in Red Cells From LK Sheep?. Front Physiol 2022;13:904280.
- Lee SM, Kang BJ, Lee S, Kim WH. Comparison of Hematological and Biochemical Results Derived from Arterial and Venous Blood Samples in Post-Anesthetic Dogs.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Nov 9;10(11).
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- Lu DC, Hannemann A, Wadud R, Rees DC, Brewin JN, Low PS, Gibson JS. The role of WNK in modulation of KCl cotransport activity in red cells from normal individuals and patients with sickle cell anaemia.. Pflugers Arch 2019 Dec;471(11-12):1539-1549.
- Andreyeva AY, Soldatov AA, Krivchenko AI, Mindukshev IV, Gambaryan S. Hemoglobin deoxygenation and methemoglobinemia prevent regulatory volume decrease in crucian carp (Carassius carassius) red blood cells.. Fish Physiol Biochem 2019 Dec;45(6):1933-1940.
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- Gibson JS, Milner PI, White R, Fairfax TP, Wilkins RJ. Oxygen and reactive oxygen species in articular cartilage: modulators of ionic homeostasis.. Pflugers Arch 2008 Jan;455(4):563-73.
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