Pharmacokinetics and cardiopulmonary effects of guaifenesin in donkeys.
Abstract: Five donkeys and three horses were given guaifenesin, intravenously, by gravity administration, until recumbency was produced. The time and dose required to produce recumbency, recovery time to sternal and standing were recorded. Blood samples were collected for guaifenesin assay at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 min, and 2, 3, 4 and 6 h after guaifenesin administration. Serum was analysed for guaifenesin using HPLC and pharmacokinetic values were calculated using a computer software package (RSTRIP). In donkeys, heart and respiratory rates and blood pressures were recorded before and at 5-min intervals during recumbency. Arterial blood samples were collected before and at 5 and 15 min intervals during recumbency for analysis of pH, CO2, and O2. ANOVA was used to evaluate dynamic data, while t-tests were used for kinetic values. Respiratory rate was decreased significantly during recumbency, but no other significant changes from baseline occurred. The mean (+/- SD) recumbency dose of guaifenesin was 131 mg/kg (27) for donkeys and 211 mg/kg (8) for horses. Recovery time to sternal (min) was 15 (SD, 11) for donkeys and 34 (SD, 1.4) for horses. Time to standing was 32 min for donkeys and 36 min for horses. Calculation of AUC (area under the concentration-time curve) microgram/mL) (dose-dependent variable) was 231 (SD, 33) for donkeys and 688 (SD, 110) for horses. The clearance (CL) (mL/h.kg) was 546 (SD, 73) for donkeys, which was significantly different from 313 (SD, 62) for horses. Mean residence time (MRT) (h) was 1.2 (SD, 0.1) for donkeys and 2.6 (SD, 0.5) for horses. Volume of distribution Vd(area) (mL/kg) was 678 (SD, 92) for donkeys and 794 (SD, 25) for horses. At the rate of administration used in this study, donkeys required less guaifenesin than horses to produce recumbency, but cleared it more rapidly.
Publication Date: 1998-02-07 PubMed ID: 9430767DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.1997.00081.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research explores how a substance known as guaifenesin affects donkeys and horses when administered intravenously. It focuses on how the drug influences cardiopulmonary functions and factors such as required doses, recovery times, and different stages of the animal’s posture.
Experiment Design
- The study involved five donkeys and three horses that were given guaifenesin intravenously, administered by gravity, until they fell into recumbency (the state of being lying down).
- Several timings were recorded such as the time needed for recumbency, recovery time to sternal (lying on their chest) position, and recovery time to standing.
- Throughout the process, blood samples were collected at different intervals for guaifenesin measurement using a technique called High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
- Cardiopulmonary parameters including heart and respiratory rates, and blood pressure were also monitored in donkeys before and during recumbency.
- Arterial blood samples were also collected to analyze pH, CO2, and O2 levels.
Key Findings
- The research found that the respiratory rate in donkeys significantly decreased during recumbency, although no other baseline changes were observed.
- It was noted that donkeys required a lower dose (mean dose of 131 mg/kg) of guaifenesin to become recumbent as compared to horses (mean dose of 211 mg/kg).
- However, donkeys cleared the substance from their system more rapidly than horses, suggesting a difference in metabolization rates between the two species.
- The mean times required to recover to sternal and standing positions were also recorded, showing shorter recovery times in donkeys as compared to horses.
Implications
- The observations underscored differential responses to guaifenesin administration between donkeys and horses.
- Such differences might necessitate bespoke dosing and timing considerations when guaifenesin is administered to these animal species, based on their unique metabolic rates and responses.
- The findings could potentially contribute to optimizing the use of guaifenesin in veterinary interventions, improving safety and effectiveness.
Cite This Article
APA
Matthews NS, Peck KE, Mealey KL, Taylor TS, Ray AC.
(1998).
Pharmacokinetics and cardiopulmonary effects of guaifenesin in donkeys.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 20(6), 442-446.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2885.1997.00081.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Texas Veterinary Medical Center, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Area Under Curve
- Equidae
- Expectorants / pharmacokinetics
- Expectorants / pharmacology
- Female
- Guaifenesin / pharmacokinetics
- Guaifenesin / pharmacology
- Half-Life
- Hemodynamics / drug effects
- Horses
- Injections, Intravenous
- Male
- Pulmonary Gas Exchange / drug effects
- Respiration / drug effects
- Species Specificity
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- De Santis M, Seganfreddo S, Greco A, Normando S, Benedetti D, Mutinelli F, Contalbrigo L. Donkey Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability: A Scoping Review. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jan 25;13(3).
- Ebner L, O O, Simon B, Lizarraga I, Smith J, Cox S. Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol following intravenous and intramuscular administration in donkeys: A preliminary study. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:979794.
- O O, Simon BT, Ebner LS, Lizarraga I, Sun X, Cox SK. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam after intravenous administration to donkeys (Equus africanus asinus). Can J Vet Res 2022 Apr;86(2):125-131.
- Straticò P, Carluccio A, Varasano V, Guerri G, Suriano R, Robbe D, Cerasoli I, Petrizzi L. Analgesic Effect of Butorphanol during Castration in Donkeys under Total Intravenous Anaesthesia. Animals (Basel) 2021 Aug 9;11(8).
- Maney J, Little E, Dzikiti T. Effect of a short pre-anesthetic fast on arterial blood gas values in isoflurane-anesthetized donkeys. Can Vet J 2019 Oct;60(10):1057-1059.
- Vullo C, Carluccio A, Robbe D, Meligrana M, Petrucci L, Catone G. Guaiphenesin-ketamine-xylazine infusion to maintain anesthesia in mules undergoing field castration. Acta Vet Scand 2017 Oct 11;59(1):67.
- Carmona JU, Giraldo CE, Aristizabal W, García A, Vallejo LG. Evaluation of the effects of the sedation with azaperone/acepromazine and immobilization with guaiphenesin/thiopentone in mules. Vet Res Commun 2007 Feb;31(2):125-32.
- Boocock H, Flyps J, Escobar A, Redondo JI, Taylor PM, Gozalo-Marcilla M, Johnston GM, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R, Sullivan R. Donkey and Hybrid Anaesthetic Mortality in an Observational, Prospective, Multicentre Cohort Study. Animals (Basel) 2025 Jun 25;15(13).
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
