Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of single-dose enteral cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid rich hemp in horses (Equus caballus).
Abstract: The pharmacokinetics and tolerability of cannabinoids and their metabolites were determined in eight horses after enteral administration of a commercial CBD/CBDA-rich hemp oil product. Each horse was administered 2 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg CBD/CBDA or no treatment in a randomized cross-over design. Serial serum samples collected over 48 h were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma chemistry analysis was performed at 0 h and 24 h. Vital parameters, pedometry, and blinded mentation and gait evaluations were recorded at intervals up to 24 h. Manure production and gastrointestinal transit time were tracked for 48 h after oil administration. The median maximal concentration of CBD and CBDA were 5.2 and 36.95 ng/mL in the 2 mg/kg group, respectively; and 40.35 and 353.56 ng/mL in the 8 mg/kg group. The median half-life of elimination was not calculated for the 2 mg/kg CBD treatment due to lack of time points above the lower quantifiable limit beyond the Cmax while it was 7.75 h in the 8 mg/kg group. CBDA absorption was biphasic. Pharmacokinetic parameters for tetrahydrocannabinol, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, cannabigerolic acid, and 7-carboxy cannabidiol are also reported. No significant differences in any of the measured tolerability parameters were demonstrated between treatment groups. Single-dose enteral administration of CBD/CBDA-rich hemp extract up to 8 mg/kg does not appear to produce neurologic, behavioral, or gastrointestinal effects in horses.
Copyright © 2024 Thomson, McCarrel, Zakharov, Gomez, Lyubimov, Schwark, Mallicote, Portela, Bisiau and Wakshlag.
Publication Date: 2024-04-12 PubMed ID: 38681854PubMed Central: PMC11047043DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1356463Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This study examines the effects and tolerability of hemp oil containing CBD (Cannabidiol) and CBDA (Cannabidiolic acid) in horses and determines its pharmacokinetics, which is the movement of drugs within the body. The results indicated that the hemp oil did not negatively affect the horses’ behavior, nervous system or gastrointestinal functions, even at high dosages.
Study Design
- The experiment involved eight horses who were administered either doses of 2mg/kg or 8mg/kg of the CBD/CBDA-rich hemp oil, or given no treatment at all. This was done in a randomized cross-over design, which helps to eliminate potential bias and increase reliability of the results.
- Blood samples were collected from the horses over a 48-hour period and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry – a highly sensitive, precise method for detecting substances in samples.
- The researchers also conducted plasma chemistry analysis (which assesses the concentration of certain substances in the blood plasma) at the 0 hour and 24 hours marks.
- Several parameters, including vital signs, movement patterns and mental and physical state were observed and recorded at intervals up to 24 hours.
- The horses’ manure production and gastrointestinal transit time (the amount of time it takes for food to pass through the digestive system) were also tracked for 48 hours after the administration of the oil.
Findings
- The observations revealed that the concentration (ng/mL) of CBD and CBDA in the horses’ bodies varied depending on the dose. It was higher in the 8mg/kg group compared to the 2mg/kg group.
- The elimination half-life (time it takes for the concentration of the drug to decrease by half in the body) for the 2mg/kg CBD treatment could not be determined due to lack of time points above the lower quantifiable limit beyond the maximum concentration, while it was 7,75 hours in the 8mg/kg group.
- The absorption of CBDA was observed to be biphasic, meaning it had two phases – an initial rapid absorption phase followed by a slower elimination phase.
- Pharmacokinetic parameters for other substances including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), and 7-carboxy cannabidiol (7-COOH CBD) were also reported.
- Importantly, no significant differences were found in any of the measured tolerability parameters across the different treatment groups. This suggests that the CBD/CBDA-rich hemp oil did not produce adverse effects on the horses’ neurologic, behavioural, or gastrointestinal states.
Implications
- This research suggests that single-dose enteral administration of CBD/CBDA-rich hemp extract up to 8mg/kg does not appear to have negative impacts on horses.
- However, the authors do not specify the therapeutic implications or potential uses of these findings. Further research may provide clarity on how this dosage can be used to treat conditions in horses, and whether it may be applicable or safe for other animals or humans.
Cite This Article
APA
Thomson ACS, McCarrel TM, Zakharov A, Gomez B, Lyubimov A, Schwark WS, Mallicote MF, Portela DA, Bisiau AL, Wakshlag JJ.
(2024).
Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of single-dose enteral cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid rich hemp in horses (Equus caballus).
Front Vet Sci, 11, 1356463.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1356463 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Comparative, Population, and Diagnostic Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
- Department of Comparative, Population, and Diagnostic Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Conflict of Interest Statement
JW and WS are paid consultants of Ellevet Sciences. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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