Pharmacokinetics of gallium maltolate after intragastric administration in neonatal foals.
Abstract: To determine the pharmacokinetics of gallium maltolate (GaM) after intragastric administration in healthy foals. Methods: 6 healthy neonatal foals. Methods: Each foal received GaM (20 mg/kg) by intragastric administration. Blood samples were obtained before (time 0) and at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after GaM administration for determination of serum gallium concentrations by use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Results: Mean +/- SD pharmacokinetic variables were as follows: peak serum gallium concentration, 1,079 +/- 311 ng/mL; time to peak serum concentration, 4.3 +/- 2.0 hours; area under the serum concentration versus time curve, 40,215 +/- 8,420 ng/mL/h; mean residence time, 39.5 +/- 17.2 hours; area under the moment curve, 1,636,554 +/- 931,458 ng([h](2)/mL); and terminal half-life, 26.6 +/- 11.6 hours. The mean serum concentration of gallium at 12 hours was 756 +/- 195 ng/mL. Conclusions: Gallium maltolate administered via nasogastric tube at a dose of 20 mg/kg to neonatal foals resulted in gallium serum concentrations considered sufficient to suppress growth or kill Rhodococcus equi in macrophages and other infected tissues.
Publication Date: 2007-10-06 PubMed ID: 17916007DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.10.1041Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article examines how gallium maltolate behaves in the bodies of healthy newborn foals when given orally, and how it could potentially be used to suppress or kill certain bacteria in infected tissues.
Objective of Study
- The research aimed to establish the pharmacokinetics, which is how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes and excretes a drug, in this case, gallium maltolate (GaM). The test was conducted on healthy newborn foals, and the drug was administered intragastrically, meaning it was delivered straight to the stomach.
Methods
- Each of six neonatal foals was given GaM at a strength of 20 mg/kg directly into their stomach.
- Blood samples were taken before the drug was administered, as well as at various intervals up to 48 hours afterwards. These samples were then analyzed for any changes in levels of serum gallium, the active ingredient in GaM.
- The method of analysis employed was inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, a highly accurate system used for detecting metals and several non-metals at concentrations as low as one part in 1015.
Results
- All of the foals reached a peak serum gallium concentration at around 4.3 hours post-GaM intake. The mean peak serum gallium concentration was found to be 1,079 ng/ml.
- The area under the serum concentration versus time curve or AUC (which represents the total drug exposure over time) was found to be 40,215 ng/mL/h on an average.
- Additionally, the mean residence time (how long the drug stays in the body) was 39.5 hours, and the terminal half-life (time needed for the drug concentration to decrease by half) was 26.6 hours.
- The average serum concentration of gallium 12 hours post-administration was determined to be 756 ng/ml.
Conclusion
- The GaM doses given via a nasogastric tube led to serum gallium levels that are believed to be adequate for suppressing the growth or completely eradicating the bacteria Rhodococcus equi found in macrophages or other infected tissues.
Cite This Article
APA
Martens RJ, Mealey K, Cohen ND, Harrington JR, Chaffin MK, Taylor RJ, Bernstein LR.
(2007).
Pharmacokinetics of gallium maltolate after intragastric administration in neonatal foals.
Am J Vet Res, 68(10), 1041-1044.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.10.1041 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Area Under Curve
- Gallium / administration & dosage
- Gallium / blood
- Gallium / pharmacokinetics
- Horses / metabolism
- Kinetics
- Organometallic Compounds / administration & dosage
- Organometallic Compounds / blood
- Organometallic Compounds / pharmacokinetics
- Pyrones / administration & dosage
- Pyrones / blood
- Pyrones / pharmacokinetics
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Kontoghiorghes GJ. Deferiprone and Iron-Maltol: Forty Years since Their Discovery and Insights into Their Drug Design, Development, Clinical Use and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023 Mar 4;24(5).
- de Assis ASJ, Pegoraro GM, Duarte ICS. Evolution of gallium applications in medicine and microbiology: a timeline. Biometals 2022 Aug;35(4):675-688.
- Kontoghiorghes GJ, Kolnagou A, Demetriou T, Neocleous M, Kontoghiorghe CN. New Era in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia Using Trimaltol Iron and Other Lipophilic Iron Chelator Complexes: Historical Perspectives of Discovery and Future Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021 May 24;22(11).
- Evans A, Kavanagh KA. Evaluation of metal-based antimicrobial compounds for the treatment of bacterial pathogens. J Med Microbiol 2021 May;70(5).
- Cereceres S, Lan Z, Bryan L, Whitely M, Wilems T, Greer H, Alexander ER, Taylor RJ, Bernstein L, Cohen N, Whitfield-Cargile C, Cosgriff-Hernandez E. Bactericidal activity of 3D-printed hydrogel dressing loaded with gallium maltolate. APL Bioeng 2019 Jun;3(2):026102.
- Cohen ND, Slovis NM, Giguère S, Baker S, Chaffin MK, Bernstein LR. Gallium maltolate as an alternative to macrolides for treatment of presumed Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals. J Vet Intern Med 2015 May-Jun;29(3):932-9.
- Lombardi L, Maisetta G, Batoni G, Tavanti A. Insights into the antimicrobial properties of hepcidins: advantages and drawbacks as potential therapeutic agents. Molecules 2015 Apr 10;20(4):6319-41.
- DeLeon K, Balldin F, Watters C, Hamood A, Griswold J, Sreedharan S, Rumbaugh KP. Gallium maltolate treatment eradicates Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in thermally injured mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009 Apr;53(4):1331-7.
- Lan Z, Guo L, Fletcher A, Ang N, Whitfield-Cargile C, Bryan L, Welch S, Richardson L, Cosgriff-Hernandez E. Antimicrobial hydrogel foam dressing with controlled release of gallium maltolate for infection control in chronic wounds. Bioact Mater 2024 Dec;42:433-448.
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