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Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole and its concentration in body fluids and endometrial tissues of mares.
Abstract: Serum concentrations of metronidazole were determined in 6 healthy adult mares after a single IV injection of metronidazole (15 mg/kg of body weight). The mean elimination rate (K) was 0.23 h-1, and the mean elimination half-life (t1/2) was 3.1 hours. The apparent volume of distribution at steady state was 0.69 L/kg, and the clearance was 168 ml/h/kg. Each mare was then given a loading dose (15 mg/kg) of metronidazole at time 0, followed by 4 maintenance doses (7.5 mg/kg, q 6 h) by nasogastric tube. Metronidazole concentrations were measured in serial samples of serum, synovia, peritoneal fluid, and urine. Metronidazole concentrations in CSF and endometrial tissues were measured after the fourth maintenance dose. The highest mean concentration in serum was 13.9 +/- 2.18 micrograms/ml at 40 minutes after the loading dose (time 0). The highest mean synovial and peritoneal fluid concentrations were 8.9 +/- 1.31 micrograms/ml and 12.8 +/- 3.21 micrograms/ml, respectively, 2 hours after the loading dose. The lowest mean trough concentration in urine was 32 micrograms/ml. Mean concentration of metronidazole in CSF was 4.3 +/- 2.51 micrograms/ml and the mean concentration in endometrial tissues was 0.9 +/- 0.48 micrograms/g at 3 hours after the fourth maintenance dose. Two mares hospitalized for treatment of bacterial pleuropneumonia were given metronidazole (15.0 mg/kg, PO, initially then 7.5 mg/kg, PO, q 6 h), while concurrently receiving gentamicin, potassium penicillin, and flunixin meglumine IV. Metronidazole pharmacokinetics and serum concentrations in the sick mares were similar to those obtained in the healthy mares.
Publication Date: 1992-10-01 PubMed ID: 1456525 The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
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The article discusses a study on the pharmacokinetics of the drug metronidazole in healthy mares, its concentration in various body fluids, and tissues, and possible implications of the data for the treatment of bacterial pleuropneumonia.
Methodology and Findings
Six healthy adult mares were given an intravenous injection of metronidazole. Various data about the drug’s pharmacokinetics were collected, such as:
- The mean elimination rate was 0.23 per hour, and the mean elimination half-life was 3.1 hours.
- The apparent volume of distribution at steady state was 0.69 liters per kilogram, and the clearance was 168 milliliters per hour per kilogram.
A loading dose of the drug was given to each mare at time 0, followed by 4 maintenance doses by nasogastric tube. After this, concentrations of the drug were measured in different body fluids and tissues over time:
- The highest mean concentration in serum was about 13.9 micrograms per milliliter, recorded 40 minutes after the loading dose.
- Highest concentrations in the synovial and peritoneal fluid were 8.9 and 12.8 micrograms per milliliter respectively, recorded 2 hours after the loading dose.
- The lowest mean concentration in the urine was 32 micrograms per milliliter.
- The drug concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the endometrial tissues was 4.3 micrograms per milliliter and 0.9 micrograms per gram respectively, recorded 3 hours after the fourth maintenance dose.
Implications for Treatment
Two sick mares with bacterial pleuropneumonia were given metronidazole along with other drugs including gentamicin, potassium penicillin, and flunixin meglumine IV. The pharmacokinetics of metronidazole and the serum concentrations in these mares were found to be similar to those in the healthy ones, indicating that the health status of the mares does not greatly affect the behavior of the drug in the mare’s body. This information would be useful for veterinarians while prescribing metronidazole for the treatment of infections in mares, regardless of their health status.
Cite This Article
APA
Specht TE, Brown MP, Gronwall RR, Rib WJ, Houston AE.
(1992).
Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole and its concentration in body fluids and endometrial tissues of mares.
Am J Vet Res, 53(10), 1807-1812.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0136.
MeSH Terms
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Endometrium / metabolism
- Female
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horses / metabolism
- Infusions, Intravenous / veterinary
- Intubation, Gastrointestinal / veterinary
- Metronidazole / blood
- Metronidazole / pharmacokinetics
- Models, Biological
- Pleuropneumonia / drug therapy
- Pleuropneumonia / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Sekis I, Ramstead K, Rishniw M, Schwark WS, McDonough SP, Goldstein RE, Papich M, Simpson KW. Single-dose pharmacokinetics and genotoxicity of metronidazole in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2009 Feb;11(2):60-8.
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