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Home / Equine Research Bank / Annu Rev Anim Biosci / Pluripotent Stem Cells from Domesticated Mammals.
Annual review of animal biosciences2015; 4; 223-253; doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021815-111202

Pluripotent Stem Cells from Domesticated Mammals.

Abstract: This review deals with the latest advances in the study of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from domesticated species, with a focus on pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, cats, and dogs. Whereas the derivation of fully pluripotent ESC from these species has proved slow, reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSC has been more straightforward. However, most of these iPSC depend on the continued expression of the introduced transgenes, a major drawback to their utility. The persistent failure in generating ESC and the dependency of iPSC on ectopic genes probably stem from an inability to maintain the stability of the endogenous gene networks necessary to maintain pluripotency. Based on work in humans and rodents, achievement of full pluripotency will likely require fine adjustments in the growth factors and signaling inhibitors provided to the cells. Finally, we discuss the future utility of these cells for biomedical and agricultural purposes.
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Publication Date: 2015-11-11 PubMed ID: 26566158DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021815-111202Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • N.I.H.
  • Extramural
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

Summary

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The research article reviews the progress in the study of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells from domesticated animals, highlighting the difficulties and potential future uses of these cells in both biomedical and agricultural fields.

Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Domesticated Animals

  • This study focuses on the advancements in studying embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from domesticated species such as pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, cats, and dogs. ESCs are derived from the embryo and have the ability to develop into any type of cell in the body. On the other hand, iPSCs are somatic (or adult) cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state.
  • The progress in deriving fully pluripotent ESCs from these species has unfortunately been slow, while the reprogramming of somatic cells into iPSCs has been somewhat more successful.

Key Challenges and Limitations in the Research

  • Most of the iPSCs generated are heavily dependent on the continued expression of the transgenes that were introduced during reprogramming. This is seen as a significant disadvantage for their practical use because it implies that they may require constant genetic manipulation to maintain their pluripotent state.
  • Both the persistent failure in generating fully functional ESCs and the dependence of iPSCs on ectopic genes likely stem from challenges in maintaining the stability of the essential gene networks required for pluripotency. This can lead to variability in their potential to differentiate into other cell types.

The Future of ESCs and iPSCs

  • Based on what is known from human and rodent studies, achieving complete pluripotency from these stem cells will likely require fine-tuning the growth factors and signaling inhibitors supplied to them. Such adjustments could potentially help to stabilize the genetic networks needed for pluripotency.
  • The study also discusses the potential future use of these cells in two sectors: biomedical and agricultural. With further development, ESCs and iPSCs could revolutionize regenerative medicine, disease modelling, and drug testing in the biomedical sector. In agriculture, they could be used for the production of genetically superior livestock, or to conserve endangered species.

Cite This Article

APA
Ezashi T, Yuan Y, Roberts RM. (2015). Pluripotent Stem Cells from Domesticated Mammals. Annu Rev Anim Biosci, 4, 223-253. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-021815-111202

Publication

Annual review of animal biosciences
ISSN: 2165-8110
NlmUniqueID: 101614024
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 4
Pages: 223-253

Researcher Affiliations

Ezashi, Toshihiko
  • Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; email: ezashit@missouri.edu , yuany@missouri.edu , robertsrm@missouri.edu.
Yuan, Ye
  • Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; email: ezashit@missouri.edu , yuany@missouri.edu , robertsrm@missouri.edu.
Roberts, R Michael
  • Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; email: ezashit@missouri.edu , yuany@missouri.edu , robertsrm@missouri.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Agriculture
  • Animals
  • Animals, Domestic
  • Cats
  • Cattle
  • Dogs
  • Embryonic Stem Cells / physiology
  • Goats
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / physiology
  • Mammals
  • Sheep
  • Swine

Grant Funding

  • HD-069979 / NICHD NIH HHS

Citations

This article has been cited 37 times.
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