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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vaccine / PNAG-specific equine IgG1 mediates significantly greater ops...
Vaccine2019; 37(9); 1142-1150; doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.028

PNAG-specific equine IgG1 mediates significantly greater opsonization and killing of Prescottella equi (formerly Rhodococcus equi) than does IgG4/7.

Abstract: Prescottella equi (formerly Rhodococcus equi) is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes severe pneumonia in foals 1-6 months of age, whereas adult horses are highly resistant to infection. We have shown that vaccinating pregnant mares against the conserved surface polysaccharide capsule, β-1 → 6-linked poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (PNAG), elicits opsonic killing antibody that transfers via colostrum to foals and protects them against experimental infection with virulent. R. equi. We hypothesized that equine IgG might be more important than IgG for mediating protection against R. equi infection in foals. To test this hypothesis, we compared complement component 1 (C1) deposition and polymorphonuclear cell-mediated opsonophagocytic killing (OPK) mediated by IgG or IgG enriched from either PNAG hyperimmune plasma (HIP) or standard plasma. Subclasses IgG and IgG from PNAG HIP and standard plasma were precipitated onto a diethylaminoethyl ion exchange column, then further enriched using a protein G Sepharose column. We determined C1 deposition by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and estimated OPK by quantitative microbiologic culture. Anti-PNAG IgG deposited significantly (P < 0.05) more C1 onto PNAG than did IgG from PNAG HIP or subclasses IgG and IgG from standard plasma. In addition, IgG from PNAG HIP mediated significantly (P < 0.05) greater OPK than IgG from PNAG HIP or IgG and IgG from standard plasma. Our findings indicate that anti-PNAG IgG is a correlate of protection against R. equi in foals, which has important implications for understanding the immunopathogenesis of R. equi pneumonia, and as a tool for assessing vaccine efficacy and effectiveness when challenge is not feasible.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2019-01-26 PubMed ID: 30691984PubMed Central: PMC8314964DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.028Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article presents the study of the effect of specific horse antibodies, IgG1 and IgG4/7, against the bacterium Prescottella equi, which causes severe pneumonia in foals. The study concluded that IgG1 significantly enhanced opsonization and killing of the bacteria compared to IgG4/7.

Introduction

  • The target of the research is a bacterium called Prescottella equi (formerly known as Rhodococcus equi). This bacterium is a cause of severe pneumonia in foals aged between 1 to 6 months, while adult horses are typically resistant.
  • Vaccinating pregnant mares against a polysaccharide capsule on the bacterium’s surface, poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (PNAG), has been shown to provide an antibody that is transferred to foals through colostrum, offering them protection against R. equi.
  • The researchers posed a hypothesis that a specific type of horse antibody, IgG1 might be more effective against R. equi than IgG4/7.

Methodology

  • The researchers compared complement component 1 (C1) deposition and polymorphonuclear cell-mediated opsonophagocytic killing (OPK) that were mediated by IgG1 or IgG4/7. These antibodies were enriched from PNAG hyperimmune plasma (HIP) or standard plasma.
  • Subclasses of IgG1 and IgG4/7 were precipitated on a diethylaminoethyl ion exchange column and further enriched on a protein G Sepharose column.
  • Testing for C1 deposition was carried out using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while OPK was estimated by quantitative microbiologic culture.

Findings

  • The study showed that anti-PNAG IgG1 significantly (P < 0.05) increased C1 deposition onto PNAG compared to IgG4/7 from PNAG HIP or subclasses IgG1 and IgG4/7 from standard plasma.
  • IgG1 from PNAG HIP also mediated significantly (P < 0.05) greater OPK than IgG4/7 from PNAG HIP or IgG1 and IgG4/7 from standard plasma.

Conclusion

  • The findings suggest that anti-PNAG IgG1 serves as a major defensive factor against R. equi in foals.
  • These findings have significant implications for understanding the development and progression of R. equi pneumonia, as well as assessing vaccine efficacy and effectiveness when foals cannot be exposed directly to the bacteria for testing.

Cite This Article

APA
Rocha JN, Dangott LJ, Mwangi W, Alaniz RC, Bordin AI, Cywes-Bentley C, Lawhon SD, Pillai SD, Bray JM, Pier GB, Cohen ND. (2019). PNAG-specific equine IgG1 mediates significantly greater opsonization and killing of Prescottella equi (formerly Rhodococcus equi) than does IgG4/7. Vaccine, 37(9), 1142-1150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.028

Publication

Vaccine
ISSN: 1873-2518
NlmUniqueID: 8406899
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 37
Issue: 9
Pages: 1142-1150
PII: S0264-410X(19)30091-X

Researcher Affiliations

Rocha, Joana N
  • College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 660 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy, College Station, TX 77843-4475, United States. Electronic address: jrocha@cvm.tamu.edu.
Dangott, Lawrence J
  • Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Blvd, College Station, TX 77843, United States. Electronic address: dangott@tamu.edu.
Mwangi, Waithaka
  • Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States. Electronic address: wmwangi@vet.k-state.edu.
Alaniz, Robert C
  • Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health and Science Center, 206 Olsen Blvd, College Station, TX 77845, United States. Electronic address: alaniz@medicine.tamhsc.edu.
Bordin, Angela I
  • College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 660 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy, College Station, TX 77843-4475, United States. Electronic address: abordin@cvm.tamu.edu.
Cywes-Bentley, Colette
  • Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States. Electronic address: ccywes@rics.bwh.harvard.edu.
Lawhon, Sara D
  • College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 660 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy, College Station, TX 77843-4475, United States. Electronic address: slawhon@cvm.tamu.edu.
Pillai, Suresh D
  • National Center for Electron Beam Research-IAEA Collaborative Centre for Electron Beam Technology, Texas A&M University, 400 Discovery Dr, College Station, TX 77845, United States. Electronic address: s-pillai@tamu.edu.
Bray, Jocelyne M
  • College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 660 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy, College Station, TX 77843-4475, United States.
Pier, Gerald B
  • Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States. Electronic address: gpier@bwh.harvard.edu.
Cohen, Noah D
  • College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 660 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy, College Station, TX 77843-4475, United States. Electronic address: ncohen@cvm.tamu.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Acetylglucosamine / immunology
  • Actinomycetales Infections / immunology
  • Actinomycetales Infections / prevention & control
  • Actinomycetales Infections / veterinary
  • Age Factors
  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Antibodies, Bacterial / blood
  • Antibodies, Bacterial / classification
  • Antibodies, Bacterial / immunology
  • Complement C1 / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horses / immunology
  • Immunoglobulin G / blood
  • Immunoglobulin G / classification
  • Opsonin Proteins
  • Phagocytosis
  • Pneumonia, Bacterial / immunology
  • Pneumonia, Bacterial / prevention & control
  • Rhodococcus equi / immunology

Grant Funding

  • R01 AI046706 / NIAID NIH HHS

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Citations

This article has been cited 8 times.
  1. Cohen ND, Kahn SK, Cywes-Bentley C, Ramirez-Cortez S, Schuckert AE, Vinacur M, Bordin AI, Pier GB. Serum Antibody Activity against Poly-N-Acetyl Glucosamine (PNAG), but Not PNAG Vaccination Status, Is Associated with Protecting Newborn Foals against Intrabronchial Infection with Rhodococcus equi. Microbiol Spectr 2021 Sep 3;9(1):e0063821.
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    doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82049-ypubmed: 33510265google scholar: lookup
  4. Harvey AB, Bordin AI, Rocha JN, Bray JM, Cohen ND. Opsonization but not pretreatment of equine macrophages with hyperimmune plasma nonspecifically enhances phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Rhodococcus equi. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Jan;35(1):590-596.
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  5. da Silveira BP, Kahn SK, Legere RM, Bray JM, Cole-Pfeiffer HM, Golding MC, Cohen ND, Bordin AI. Enteral immunization with live bacteria reprograms innate immune cells and protects neonatal foals from pneumonia. Sci Rep 2025 May 25;15(1):18156.
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  6. da Silveira BP, Cohen ND, Lawhon SD, Watson RO, Bordin AI. Protective immune response against Rhodococcus equi: An innate immunity-focused review. Equine Vet J 2025 May;57(3):563-586.
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  7. Liu L, Cai P, Gu W, Duan X, Gao S, Ma X, Ma Y, Ma S, Li G, Wang X, Cai K, Wang Y, Cai T, Zhao H. Evaluation of vaccine candidates against Rhodococcus equi in BALB/c mice infection model: cellular and humoral immune responses. BMC Microbiol 2024 Jul 8;24(1):249.
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  8. da Silveira BP, Barhoumi R, Bray JM, Cole-Pfeiffer HM, Mabry CJ, Burghardt RC, Cohen ND, Bordin AI. Impact of surface receptors TLR2, CR3, and FcγRIII on Rhodococcus equi phagocytosis and intracellular survival in macrophages. Infect Immun 2024 Jan 16;92(1):e0038323.
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