Polycystic kidneys as a cause of chronic renal failure and secondary hypoparathyroidism in a horse.
Abstract: Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a well known complication of renal failure in man (Llach 1995), carnivores (Nagode and Chew1992) and rodents (Bover et al.1994). In these species, renal disease results in increased synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid gland hyperplasia. There are 3 main factors involved in the development ofsecondary hyperparathyroidism: a) phosphate (P) retention, dueto reduced glomerular filtration rate; b) decrease in calcitriol(CTR) production, as a consequence of renal mass loss; and c)decrease in extracellular ionised calcium (Ca2+) concentration,which is caused by both Pretention and low CTR levels (Boveret al.1994; Llach 1995).Horses with chronic renal failure (CRF), however, have been reported to suffer from hypercalcaemia and hypophosphataemia (Brobst et al.1978; Tennant et al.1982). These changes in calcium metabolism, which are the opposite to what has been extensively described in other species, should not represent a stimulus for PTH synthesis and secretion; therefore, raising the question of whether horses suffer from hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal failure.
Publication Date: 2000-04-01 PubMed ID: 10743975DOI: 10.2746/042516400777591552Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research paper presents a study exploring the link between polycystic kidneys, chronic renal failure, and secondary hypoparathyroidism in a horse, challenging the norm of calcium metabolism disorders observed in other species.
Introduction and Background
- According to the document, secondary hyperparathyroidism is a recognized consequence of renal failure in humans, carnivores, and rodents. This disease is characterized by the accelerated production and secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), as well as the hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland.
- In the species mentioned, kidney disease triggers three primary factors: phosphate retention due to reduced glomerular filtration rate (a mechanism for waste removal in the kidney), decreased calcitriol production resulting from the loss of renal mass, and decreased extracellular ionised calcium concentration caused by both phosphate retention and low calcitriol levels.
- Citing the research of Bover et al. and Llach, the norm of calcium metabolic changes in species with kidney failure results in a synthesis of PTH, which, among other things, regulates the levels of calcium in the blood.
Horse Case and Initial Findings
- Contrary to the established paradigm, horses with chronic renal failure (CRF) reportedly exhibit conditions known as hypercalcaemia (excess calcium in the blood) and hypophosphataemia (low phosphate levels in the blood), which is opposite of what is seen in other species.
- This shift in calcium metabolism should not instigate the synthesis and secretion of PTH, suggesting a divergence from what is conventionally seen in other species.
- According to previous research, these changes suggest that horses might not suffer from secondary hyperparathyroidism related to renal failure, as observed in other species.
Objective of the Study
- The research seeks to challenge and investigate this divergence, exploring the potential relationship between polycystic kidneys (a condition characterized by the presence of many cysts), chronic renal failure, and the occurrence of secondary hypoparathyroidism in a horse.
Cite This Article
APA
Aguilera-Tejero E, Estepa JC, López I, Bas S, Rodríguez M.
(2000).
Polycystic kidneys as a cause of chronic renal failure and secondary hypoparathyroidism in a horse.
Equine Vet J, 32(2), 167-169.
https://doi.org/10.2746/042516400777591552 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Calcium / metabolism
- Fatal Outcome
- Horse Diseases / etiology
- Horses
- Hypoparathyroidism / etiology
- Hypoparathyroidism / veterinary
- Kidney Failure, Chronic / etiology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic / veterinary
- Male
- Polycystic Kidney Diseases / complications
- Polycystic Kidney Diseases / veterinary
- Prognosis
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Lopez I, Pineda C, Muñoz L, Raya A, Lopez G, Aguilera-Tejero E. Chronic Vitamin D Intoxication in Captive Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus). PLoS One 2016;11(5):e0156331.
- Medina-Torres CE, Hewson J, Stämpfli S, Stalker MJ. Bilateral diffuse cystic renal dysplasia in a 9-day-old Thoroughbred filly. Can Vet J 2014 Feb;55(2):141-6.
- Rueca F, Porciello F, Conti MB, Marchesi MC. Chronic renal failure (CRF) in horses: personal reports. Vet Res Commun 2003 Sep;27 Suppl 1:437-9.
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