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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2025; 15(5); 748; doi: 10.3390/ani15050748

Potential Genetic Markers Associated with Environmental Adaptability in Herbivorous Livestock.

Abstract: Herbivorous livestock, such as cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and donkeys, play a crucial role in agricultural production and possess remarkable resilience to extreme environmental conditions, driven by complex genetic mechanisms. Recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing, genome assembly, and environmental data integration have enabled a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of their environmental adaptation. This review identifies key genes associated with high-altitude, heat, cold, and drought adaptation, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these traits. By elucidating these genetic adaptations, our study aims to support conservation efforts, inform selective breeding programs, and enhance agricultural productivity, ultimately contributing to sustainable livestock farming and economic benefits for farmers.
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Publication Date: 2025-03-05 PubMed ID: 40076029PubMed Central: PMC11898825DOI: 10.3390/ani15050748Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This study reviews recent advances in identifying genetic markers linked to environmental adaptability in herbivorous livestock like cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and donkeys.
  • It focuses on genes related to adaptation to extreme conditions such as high-altitude, heat, cold, and drought, aiming to improve sustainable farming and livestock resilience.

Background and Importance

  • Herbivorous livestock are vital for agricultural production globally, providing meat, milk, fiber, and labor.
  • These animals often live in diverse and harsh environments, requiring physiological and genetic adaptations to survive and thrive.
  • Understanding the genetic mechanisms behind their environmental resilience can help maintain livestock health and productivity under climate stress.

Technological Advancements Enabling Research

  • High-throughput sequencing technologies allow researchers to analyze entire genomes rapidly and at high resolution.
  • Improved genome assembly techniques facilitate the accurate mapping of genetic variants that may contribute to adaptation.
  • Integration of environmental data with genetic information enables the identification of genes connected to specific environmental pressures.

Key Genetic Adaptations Identified

  • High-altitude adaptation: Genes related to oxygen transport, such as those regulating hemoglobin affinity, are crucial for coping with low oxygen levels.
  • Heat adaptation: Genetic markers involved in heat shock proteins and metabolic regulation help livestock manage heat stress.
  • Cold adaptation: Genes influencing fat deposition, insulation, and energy metabolism support survival in cold climates.
  • Drought adaptation: Genes related to water retention, reduced metabolic rate, and efficient nutrient use enhance drought tolerance.

Applications and Implications

  • Identification of these genetic markers can inform selective breeding programs to enhance livestock resilience to environmental stresses.
  • It supports conservation strategies for breeds adapted to specific harsh environments, preserving genetic diversity.
  • Improved environmental adaptability leads to increased agricultural productivity and economic benefits for farmers, especially in regions prone to climate extremes.
  • This knowledge contributes to sustainable livestock farming practices by promoting animals better suited to their environments.

Conclusion

  • The study provides a comprehensive synthesis of genes associated with environmental adaptability in key herbivorous livestock species.
  • By elucidating the molecular basis of adaptation, the research offers valuable insights that can be leveraged to meet future agricultural challenges amid climate change.

Cite This Article

APA
Liu X, Peng Y, Zhang X, Chen W, Chen Y, Wei L, Zhu Q, Khan MZ, Wang C. (2025). Potential Genetic Markers Associated with Environmental Adaptability in Herbivorous Livestock. Animals (Basel), 15(5), 748. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15050748

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
PII: 748

Researcher Affiliations

Liu, Xiaotong
  • Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
Peng, Yongdong
  • Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
Zhang, Xinhao
  • Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
Chen, Wenting
  • Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
Chen, Yinghui
  • Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
Wei, Lin
  • Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
Zhu, Qifei
  • Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
Khan, Muhammad Zahoor
  • Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
Wang, Changfa
  • Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.

Grant Funding

  • 2022YFD1600103; 2023YFD1302004 / National Key R&D Program of China

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, and there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, and/or company that could be construed as influencing the content of this review paper.

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