Progressive urethral dilation in male horses undergoing perineal urethrotomy for cystolith removal: 22 cases.
Abstract: This retrospective case series describes the use of progressive urethral dilation in 22 client-owned male horses undergoing perineal urethrotomy (PU) for cystolith removal. Medical records of horses undergoing PU and urethral dilation for treatment of cystolithiasis were reviewed. Dilation of the pelvic urethra was performed following PU and using customized dilators with the same length (30cm) and with various outer diameters (25 to 45mm). Analyzed data included: signalment, cystolith size, renal ultrasound findings, method used for cystolith removal, diameter of urethral dilators, intra- and post-operative complications, and hospitalization time. Cystolith size ranged between 37mm and 90mm. Dilation of the pelvic urethra was as follows: 35mm (n=8), 25mm (n=6), 39mm (n=3), 33mm (n=2), 28mm (n=2) and 45mm (n=1). In 6 cases, the cystolith was removed without fragmentation. In the remaining 16 horses, lithotripsy was performed with forceps (n=9) or a pneumatic scaler (n=7). In 15 horses a retrieval device was used to aid in calculi removal. Hospitalization time ranged between 1 and 5 days. Intra-operative complications occurred in one horse. No post-operative complications were recorded. Follow-up information was available for 21 horses (range 1-8 years). Urethral dilation via PU may be a viable option for cystolith removal in male horses.
Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Publication Date: 2023-10-21 PubMed ID: 37866799DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104955Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research focused on a method of treating cystolithiasis – a condition where stones are formed in the bladder – in male horses, using progressive urethral dilation paired with perineal urethrotomy. The data derived from 22 real cases showed a high success rate in the application of this method, with minimal complications experienced.
Research Objective
- The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of utilizing progressive urethral dilation in conjunction with perineal urethrotomy (PU) for the removal of bladder stones in male horses.
Methodology
- Medical records from 22 male horses who underwent PU and urethral dilation for the treatment of cystolithiasis were evaluated.
- Dilation was performed using dilators of varying diameters and following the PU procedure.
- The data analyzed included horse’s details, stone size, renal ultrasound findings, method of stone removal, diameter of dilators used, complications during and after surgery, and hospitalization duration.
Findings
- The size of the bladder stones varied between 37mm and 90mm.
- The diameter of the urethra after dilation was noted, with 35mm being the most common dilation size.
- In 6 cases, the bladder stone was removed in one piece, whereas in the other 16 horses, the stone was broken down either by using forceps or a pneumatic scaler.
- 15 cases required the use of a retrieval device to aid in the removal of the stone fragments.
- The length of hospital stay for the horses varied from 1 to 5 days.
- Only one horse experienced intra-operative complications, whereas none had any post-operative issues.
- Long-term post-operative information was available for 21 horses for a period of 1-8 years.
Conclusion
- The research concluded that progressive urethral dilation through a perineal urethrotomy procedure can be a functional method for treating cystolithiasis in male horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Sassot LN, Ragle C, Pentzke-Lemus L, Jones ARE, Farnsworth K.
(2023).
Progressive urethral dilation in male horses undergoing perineal urethrotomy for cystolith removal: 22 cases.
J Equine Vet Sci, 131, 104955.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104955 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Washington State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Pullman WA, US; Newcastle Equine Centre, Broadmeadow NSW, Australia. Electronic address: lucasnolazco@hotmail.com.
- Washington State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Pullman WA, US.
- Washington State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Pullman WA, US; University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lawes, Queensland, Australia.
- Washington State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Pullman WA, US; Endell Equine Hospital, Salisbury SP5 3DG, UK.
- Washington State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Pullman WA, US.
MeSH Terms
- Male
- Horses
- Animals
- Urethra / surgery
- Urinary Bladder Calculi / veterinary
- Retrospective Studies
- Dilatation / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / surgery
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this report.
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