Topic:Hospitalization

Effect of hospitalization on equine local intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration measured in feces.
Journal of equine veterinary science    April 30, 2024   105078 doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105078
May A, Gerhards H, Wollanke B.During hospitalization horses may develop gastrointestinal conditions triggered by a stress-associated weak local immune system. The prospective, clinical trial was conducted to find out whether fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations could be determined in hospitalized horses and how they changed during hospitalization and in response to various stressors. Samples were obtained from 110 horses and a control group (n = 14). At arrival in the hospital, horses were categorized into pain grades (1-5), and elective versus strenuous surgery (> 2 hours, traumatic and emergency procedures)...
Severe orbital hematoma with third eyelid swelling and prolapse following a blind maxillary nerve block in a horse.
The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne    April 2, 2024   Volume 65, Issue 4 359-362 
Woodman MJ, MacKenzie J, Osinchuk S, Husulak M.A 20-year-old quarter horse gelding was presented for routine dental examination. Periodontal disease and luxation of tooth 108 was diagnosed and oral extraction was planned. After an unsuccessful blind maxillary nerve block, it was elected to perform the procedure under total intravenous anesthesia. Following recovery, a focal superficial corneal ulcer, severe retrobulbar swelling, mild exophthalmos, and marked swelling and prolapse of the third eyelid (nictitating membrane) were observed. Clinical signs persisted beyond 48 h despite the use of systemic anti-inflammatories and topical ocular ...
Ponies, miniatures, and younger equids are at higher risk of fecalith obstruction compared to a general colic population.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    February 7, 2024   1-9 doi: 10.2460/javma.23.09.0520
Miklavcic M, Dechant JE, Kilcoyne I.To determine breed, age, and sex predispositions for fecalith obstruction and to evaluate short-term survival and prognostic factors following surgical treatment of fecalith intestinal obstruction in equids. Methods: 151 equids. Methods: Medical records of equids undergoing surgery for fecalith obstruction from 2000 to 2020 were reviewed. Signalment, history, presenting clinicopathological data, surgical findings, complications, and short-term survival were recorded and compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. Signalment of the fecalith population was compared to a contemporaneous colic po...
Diagnosis of Potomac horse fever (syn. equine neorickettsiosis) in 2 foals in southwestern Ontario.
The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne    December 4, 2023   Volume 64, Issue 12 1129-1132 
Fortin-Trahan R, Sjolin E, Lack A, de Arbina CL, McFadden-Bennett A, Wang L, Baird JD, Rikihisa Y, Arroyo LG.Potomac horse fever (PHF) is characterized by fever, depression, anorexia, ileus, diarrhea, and occasionally, laminitis. The disease is caused by infection with and/or . Equids of all ages may be affected; however, the condition has not been well-characterized in foals. This report describes clinical signs, laboratory findings, and treatment of 2 foals diagnosed with PHF in southwestern Ontario. Feces submitted for an equine PCR panel tested positive for spp. and were subsequently confirmed to be (Case 1) and (Case 2). Both foals recovered following hospitalization and intensive care. Key ...
Antibiotic prophylaxis and hospitalization of horses subjected to median laparotomy: gut microbiota trajectories and abundance increase of Escherichia.
Frontiers in microbiology    November 23, 2023   Volume 14 1228845 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1228845
Kauter A, Brombach J, Lu00fcbke-Becker A, Kannapin D, Bang C, Franzenburg S, Stoeckle SD, Mellmann A, Scherff N, Ku00f6ck R, Guenther S, Wieler LH....Horse clinics are hotspots for the accumulation and spread of clinically relevant and zoonotic multidrug-resistant bacteria, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing (ESBL) Enterobacterales. Although median laparotomy in cases of acute equine colic is a frequently performed surgical intervention, knowledge about the effects of peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) based on a combination of penicillin and gentamicin on the gut microbiota is limited. Unassigned: We collected fecal samples of horses from a non-hospitalized control group (CG) and from horses receiving either a pre-...
Pain scoring systems in hospitalized horses with ocular disease.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine    November 19, 2023   doi: 10.1111/jvim.16933
Jodzio D, DeNotta S, Plummer C, Sanchez C.Pain recognition in hospitalized horses is challenging, and the utility of pain scoring systems in horses with ocular disease has not been well-described. Objective: Evaluate the horse grimace scale (HGS) and behavior pain score (BPS) in hospitalized horses with ocular disease. We hypothesized that HGS and BPS would be associated with different clinical progressions. Methods: Privately owned horses hospitalized for ocular disease between September 2018 and September 2020. Methods: Retrospective observational study. The HGS and BPS were recorded daily throughout hospitalization. Clinical progre...
Progressive urethral dilation in male horses undergoing perineal urethrotomy for cystolith removal: 22 cases.
Journal of equine veterinary science    October 21, 2023   Volume 131 104955 doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104955
Sassot LN, Ragle C, Pentzke-Lemus L, Jones ARE, Farnsworth K.This retrospective case series describes the use of progressive urethral dilation in 22 client-owned male horses undergoing perineal urethrotomy (PU) for cystolith removal. Medical records of horses undergoing PU and urethral dilation for treatment of cystolithiasis were reviewed. Dilation of the pelvic urethra was performed following PU and using customized dilators with the same length (30cm) and with various outer diameters (25 to 45mm). Analyzed data included: signalment, cystolith size, renal ultrasound findings, method used for cystolith removal, diameter of urethral dilators, intra- and...
Evaluation of fitness parameters in relation to racing results in 245 Standardbred trotter horses submitted for poor performance examination: A retrospective study.
PloS one    October 19, 2023   Volume 18, Issue 10 e0293202 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293202
In racehorses, the associations between physiological parameters obtained by exercise testing and racing results have been questioned. We hypothesized that fitness variables measured during a treadmill incremental test may be related with racing outcomes and lifetime career. Our study aimed to investigate the role of fitness parameters obtained during a treadmill test in performance evaluation and career prediction in poorly performing Standardbreds, through a retrospective review of the clinical records of 245 trotters that underwent an incremental treadmill test. Several fitness parameters w...
Efficient primary surgical treatment of equine infectious sinusitis reduces postoperative aftercare and increases outcome results: a retrospective study of 130 cases.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    October 9, 2023   Volume 261, Issue S2 S87-S95 doi: 10.2460/javma.23.05.0298
Leps A, Korsos S, Clarysse M, Vlaminck L.To document the long-term outcome of surgically treated primary and dental-related sinusitis in horses and to describe a simple protocol for postoperative management. Methods: All surgically treated sinusitis cases referred between January 2016 and June 2022 were reviewed. Cases diagnosed with primary and dental-related sinusitis and with a follow-up of at least 6 months after hospital discharge were included. Cases with other sinus pathology were excluded. Results: 130 cases met the inclusion criteria. 104 out of 130 were treated with sinoscopy and 26/130 with sinusotomy. 86 out of 130 cases ...
Fecal microbiota transplant for treatment of diarrhea in adult hospitalized horses-111 cases (2013-2018).
Open veterinary journal    September 30, 2023   Volume 13, Issue 9 1135-1140 doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i9.9
Quattrini C, Bozorgmanesh R, Egli P, Magdesian KG.Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is increasingly administered as part of the treatment of colitis in horses, yet there is little data as to its effectiveness. Retrospective evaluation of the effects of FMT on discharge status, fecal consistency, length of hospitalization, and improvement in clinical signs in horses hospitalized for diarrhea. Retrospective case-control study. Medical records of adult horses (>1 year old) that received at least one transfaunation treatment (2013-2018) in two referral hospitals were identified through a medical records database search. Medical records of cont...
Clinical findings, surgical techniques, prognostic factors for short-term survival and long-term outcome in horses with acquired inguinal hernias: Ninety-eight cases (2005-2020).
Veterinary surgery : VS    August 31, 2023   doi: 10.1111/vsu.14023
Franu00e7ois I, Lepage OM, Schramme MC, Salciccia A, Detilleux J, Grulke S.To report findings, outcome and determine variables associated with survival in horses with acquired inguinal hernia (AIH). Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: A total of 98 cases in 97 horses. Methods: The medical records (2005-2020) of horses diagnosed with AIH were reviewed. Retrieved data included signalment, history, clinical variables, surgical aspects, postoperative complications, and short- and long-term outcomes. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with short-term survival (p < .05). Results: Manual reduction was attempted in a third of the...
Survival of formalin intoxication in a 13-year-old Thoroughbred gelding.
Equine veterinary journal    August 16, 2023   doi: 10.1111/evj.13982
Lovett A, Vokes J, Loghides N, Johnstone L, Sykes B.Formalin intoxication via the gastrointestinal route has not been previously reported in the horse. Whereas ingestion of formalin in humans, although rare, is well documented. Majority of human cases are either accidental, suicidal or homicidal and often lead to fatality, with a reported lethal formaldehyde dose equating to 0.12 - 0.16 g/kg bwt. Objective: To describe a single case report of the clinical management of an adult horse referred to a veterinary teaching hospital following accidental administration of 10% formalin via nasogastric tube. Methods: A 13-year-old Thoroughbred gelding or...
Clostridioides difficile infection in thoroughbred horses in Japan from 2010 to 2021.
Scientific reports    August 11, 2023   Volume 13, Issue 1 13099 doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40157-x
Uchida-Fujii E, Niwa H, Senoh M, Kato H, Kinoshita Y, Mita H, Ueno T.We encountered 34 Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) cases among Thoroughbred horses in Japan from 2010 to 2021. Among them, 79.4% (27/34) either died or were euthanised. The risk factors associated with CDI and mortality among Japanese Thoroughbred horses remain unclear. We used genetic methods to examine C. difficile strains and their relationships with prognosis. Twenty-two (64.7%) cases were hospitalised at the onset of colitis. Outcomes were balanced for hospitalisation rates at the onset of colitis. The mortality rates of cases treated with metronidazole (65.0%) were...
Relationship between the Cycle Threshold Value (Ct) of a Salmonella spp. qPCR Performed on Feces and Clinical Signs and Outcome in Horses.
Microorganisms    July 30, 2023   Volume 11, Issue 8 1950 doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11081950
Amory H, Cesarini C, De Maru00e9 L, Loublier C, Moula N, Detilleux J, Saulmont M, Garigliany MM, Lecoq L.The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical significance of fecal quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results when taking the cycle threshold values (Ct) into account. The study included 120 qPCR-positive fecal samples obtained from 88 hospitalized horses over a 2-year period. The mean Ct of the qPCR test was evaluated in regard to (1) clinical outcome and (2) systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) status (no SIRS, moderate SIRS, or severe SIRS) of the sampled horses. An ROC analysis was performed to establish the optimal cut-off Ct valu...
Use of an equine compression suit to manage a deep axillary wound in a horse.
Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)    July 12, 2023   Volume 33, Issue 4 467-471 doi: 10.1111/vec.13311
Tallon RE, Gough RL, McGovern KF.To describe the use of an equine compression suit to manage a deep axillary wound in a Thoroughbred filly with bilateral pneumothorax. Methods: A 2-year-old Thoroughbred filly was referred for management of a deep wound to the left axilla. Packing and bandaging of the area were initially attempted, but this became repeatedly dislodged, and bandaging was discontinued. The filly subsequently developed widespread subcutaneous emphysema, and the wound was slow to granulate. Acute onset respiratory distress occurred 11 days after admission, secondary to bilateral worsening pneumothorax, and requir...
Ultrasonographic Assessment of Small Intestinal Motility Following Hyoscine Butylbromide Administration in Horses: A Pilot Study.
Journal of equine veterinary science    July 1, 2023   Volume 128 104878 doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104878
Haugaard SL, McGovern KF, Tallon R, Gough R, Watrobska N.Horses commonly receive hyoscine butylbromide (HB) prior to hospital admission for colic. This could alter the appearance of the small intestine (SI) on ultrasound scan and affect clinical decision making. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of HB on ultrasonographically assessed SI motility and heart rate. Six horses hospitalised for medical colic with no significant abnormalities on baseline abdominal ultrasound examination were included. Ultrasound was performed in three locations (right inguinal, left inguinal and hepatoduodenal window) before and at 1, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, an...
An evaluation of the effect of equine-facilitated psychotherapy on patients with substance use disorders.
PloS one    June 28, 2023   Volume 18, Issue 6 e0286867 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286867
Machovu00e1 K, Juru00edu010dkovu00e1 V, Kasparovu00e1 A, Petrovu00e1 K, Slu00e1dkovu00e1 B, Svobodovu00e1 I.Equine Facilitated Psychiatry and Psychology (EFPP) is a supportive non-pharmacological treatment program used in the treatment of patients with substance use disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible change in patient's health and health-related quality of life between the first and fourth session of the EFPP program using the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS). The Human-Animal Interaction Scale (HAIS) and a 5-point Likert-type scale was used for an assessment of patient's mood in the experimental group. The study sample ...
Audit of animal-related injuries at UK veterinary schools between 2009 and 2018.
The Veterinary record    June 13, 2023   e3171 doi: 10.1002/vetr.3171
Tulloch JSP, Fleming KM, Pinchbeck G, Forster J, Lowe W, Westgarth C.Animal-related injuries pose a significant risk to the veterinary profession. This study aimed to describe the incidence, demographics, context and consequences of animal-related injuries at UK veterinary schools. Methods: A multicentre audit of accident records (2009-2018) across five UK veterinary schools was performed. Injury rates were stratified by school, demographics and species. The context and cause of the injury were described. Multivariable logistic models explored factors associated with medical treatment, hospital visits and time off work. Results: An annual rate of 2.60 (95% conf...
Red blood cell distribution width to platelet ratio in neonatal foals with sepsis.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine    June 12, 2023   Volume 37, Issue 4 1552-1560 doi: 10.1111/jvim.16793
Scalco R, de Oliveira GN, da Rosa Curcio B, Wooten M, Magdesian KG, Hidai ST, Pandit P, Aleman M.Rapid and accurate markers to aid diagnosis of sepsis are needed in neonatal foals. The CBC variable red blood cell distribution width (RDW) to platelet ratio (RPR) is associated with inflammatory response and linked to poor outcomes of sepsis in human patients. Objective: Explore the correlation of RPR with sepsis in neonatal foals and evaluate RPR predictive and prognostic value. Methods: Three hundred seventeen hospitalized neonatal foals ≤7 days of age that had a CBC and physical exam performed at admission between 2012 and 2021. Methods: Retrospective case-control study. Clinical reco...
Recumbency decreases mare and foal survival following in-hospital dystocia management.
Equine veterinary journal    May 25, 2023   doi: 10.1111/evj.13956
Roe H, Macpherson M, Denagamage T, Hopper S, Woodie B, Embertson R.Mare and foal survival are increased with prompt dystocia management. Data regarding mortality outcomes in mares and foals, when mares are recumbent at admission for dystocia resolution, are scarce. Objective: To evaluate recumbency at hospital admission as a risk factor for survival of mares and foals following dystocia management. Subsequent mare fertility was also evaluated. Methods: Retrospective cohort. Methods: Data were obtained from medical records at Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital of mares with dystocia between 1995 and 2018. Mare signalment, ambulation status, survival data and foal...
Critical Care of the Colic Patient: Monitoring, Fluid Therapy, and More.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice    May 9, 2023   Volume 39, Issue 2 287-305 doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.03.011
Barton C, Hassel DM.A successful outcome to management of the critical colic patient is highly dependent on how the patient is monitored and treated, particularly, in the perioperative period. In this article, we will provide an update on monitoring techniques, advances in fluid therapy, nutrition management and pharmacotherapeutic agents, inclusive of pain monitoring and management, prokinetics, and management of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the hypercoagulable state.
Preliminary Investigation of Side Effects of Polymyxin B Administration in Hospitalized Horses.
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)    May 5, 2023   Volume 12, Issue 5 854 doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12050854
van Spijk JN, Beckmann K, Wehrli Eser M, Stirn M, Steuer AE, Saleh L, Schoster A.Neuro- and nephrotoxicity of polymyxins are known but clinical studies in horses are lacking. The aim of this study was to describe neurogenic and nephrogenic side effects of hospitalized horses receiving Polymyxin B (PolyB) as part of their treatment plan. Twenty horses diagnosed with surgical colic ( = 11), peritonitis ( = 5), typhlocolitis ( = 2), pneumonia, and pyometra (each = 1) were included. Antimicrobial treatment was randomized to GENTA (gentamicin 10 mg/kg bwt q24 h IV, penicillin 30.000 IU/kg q6 h IV) or NO GENTA (marbofloxacin 2 mg/kg bwt q24 h IV, penicillin 30.000 IU/kg q6 h IV...
Multi-Centered Field Evaluation of a Salmonella spp. Point-of-Care PCR Assay Using Equine Feces and Environmental Samples.
Journal of equine veterinary science    May 5, 2023   Volume 126 104538 doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104538
Pusterla N, Naranatt P, Swadia H, Winfield L, Hartwig A, Barnum S, Mendonsa E.The introduction of microfluidic card technology has opened the field for rapid point-of-care (POC) molecular assays, including fecal and environmental Salmonella spp. testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel POC PCR assay for the detection of Salmonella spp. in feces and environmental samples. A total of 143 fecal samples and 132 environmental samples were collected for POC PCR Salmonella spp. testing as well as qPCR testing. Each sample was inoculated into selenite broth and incubated for 18 to 24 hours. For the POC PCR assay, 14 μl of selenite broth were mixed with 126 μ...
Repeat Celiotomy-Current Status.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice    April 28, 2023   Volume 39, Issue 2 325-337 doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.03.012
Freeman DE, Bauck AG.Repeat celiotomy can be lifesaving in horses with a surgically treatable postoperative obstruction, although guidelines for its use are lacking, except for uncontrollable postoperative pain. Overdiagnosis of ileus as the cause of postoperative obstruction could delay a second surgery so the disease progresses beyond a manageable level of severity. Although many horses respond favorably to repeat celiotomy, complications can be severe and life threatening, such as incisional infection and adhesions. Repeat celiotomy does not seem to exacerbate postoperative ileus, despite additional surgical ma...
Zinc Status of Horses and Ponies: Relevance of Health, Horse Type, Sex, Age, and Test Material.
Veterinary sciences    April 16, 2023   Volume 10, Issue 4 295 doi: 10.3390/vetsci10040295
van Bu00f6mmel-Wegmann S, Gehlen H, Barton AK, Bu00fcttner K, Zentek J, Pau00dflack N.Little is known about the animal- and diet-related factors that could interfere with the plasma zinc (Zn) concentrations of equines. Additionally, the adequacy of plasma to reflect changes in the Zn intake is unclear. In the first part of this study, the plasma Zn concentrations of hospitalized horses and ponies ( = 538) were measured and evaluated for the impact of the age, sex, horse type, and internal diseases of the animals. In the second part, the effects of increasing dietary Zn chloride hydroxide and Zn methionine supplementations were assessed on the plasma and mane hair Zn concentrati...
Plasma UCHL-1 as a Biomarker of Brain Injury in Hospitalized Foals With Neonatal Encephalopathy.
Journal of equine veterinary science    April 7, 2023   Volume 126 104490 doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104490
Ryan CA, Giguère S, Morresey PR.A plasma biomarker such as ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL-1) to distinguish neonatal encephalopathy (NE) from other disorders and provide prognostic information would be useful for equine practitioners. In this prospective study, plasma UCHL-1 was measured in 331 hospitalized foals ≤4 days of age. Clinical diagnoses of neonatal encephalopathy only (NE group, n = 77), sepsis only (Sepsis group, n = 34), concurrent sepsis and NE (NE+Sepsis group, n = 85), or neither sepsis nor NE (Other group, n = 101) were made by the attending veterinarian. Plasma UCHL-1 concentration...
Horse-riding hazards: an observational cohort study mapping equestrian related injuries at a Scandinavian trauma centre.
BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation    March 28, 2023   Volume 15, Issue 1 46 doi: 10.1186/s13102-023-00646-y
Franzu00e9n Lindgren E, Hammarqvist F, Ahl Hulme R.Horse-riding is practiced on a regular basis by 500,000 people in Sweden. It is reputed to be one of the most dangerous sports. On average, there were 1756 acute injuries and three fatalities each year between 1997 and 2014 in Sweden related to horses. The primary aim of this study was to outline the injury spectrum related to equestrian activities cared for at a large Swedish trauma centre. The secondary aim was to identify trends in clinical outcomes and to investigate the association between age and such outcomes. Methods: The electronic medical records system at Karolinska University Hosp...
Short-Term Survival and Postoperative Complications Rates in Horses Undergoing Colic Surgery: A Multicentre Study.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI    March 20, 2023   Volume 13, Issue 6 1107 doi: 10.3390/ani13061107
Spadari A, Gialletti R, Gandini M, Valle E, Cerullo A, Cavallini D, Bertoletti A, Rinnovati R, Forni G, Scilimati N, Giusto G.The occurrence of colic could be influenced by the characteristics of a population, geographical area, and feeding management. The aim of this study was to report the short-term postoperative complications and survival rates and to identify factors that might affect the outcome of horses that underwent colic surgery in three Italian surgical referral centres. Data of horses subjected to colic surgery in three referral centres (2018-2021) were analysed. Comparisons of the outcomes were performed using a Mann-Whitney or a Chi square test. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) c...
Development of a classification system for equine postoperative complications and its application in a cohort of 190 horses undergoing emergency laparotomy.
The Veterinary record    March 12, 2023   Volume 192, Issue 11 e2782 doi: 10.1002/vetr.2782
Gandini M, Giusto G.Accurate reporting of postoperative complications is paramount to understanding procedural outcomes, comparing procedures and assuring quality improvement. Standardising definitions of complications in equine surgeries will improve the evidence of their outcomes. To this end, we proposed a classification for postoperative complications and applied it to a cohort of 190 horses undergoing emergency laparotomy. Methods: A classification system for postoperative complications in equine surgery was developed. Medical records of horses that underwent equine emergency laparotomy and recovered from an...
Horse and Cattle-Related Trauma: A Retrospective Review of Injuries and Management in a Regional Queensland Hospital.
Cureus    March 3, 2023   Volume 15, Issue 3 e35746 doi: 10.7759/cureus.35746
Savage G, Liesegang A, Campbell J, Lyon M, Fry D.Horse and cattle-related trauma is a common presentation to regional hospitals in Australia. We review local incidence and patterns of injuries relating to horse and cattle trauma over a three-year period at the Toowoomba Base Hospital within the Darling Downs region in Queensland, an area rich in cattle farming and equestrian recreation. Methods: We conducted a single-centre retrospective cohort study. The inclusion criteria were all patients presenting with injuries following cattle or horse-related incidents between January 2018 and April 2021. Primary outcomes were the mechanism of trauma,...
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