Protein profile of extracellular vesicles derived from adult Parascaris spp.
Abstract: Parascaris spp. represent a significant threat to equine health worldwide, particularly in foals. The long-term survival of parasites in the host necessitates persistent modulation of the host immune response. Intercellular communication achieved through the exchange of molecules via extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from the parasite could be a crucial factor in this regard. This study aimed to isolate and characterize EVs released by adult male and female Parascaris worms and conduct a proteomic analysis to identify sex-specific proteins and potential immunomodulatory factors. Methods: Live adult Parascaris worms were collected, and EVs were isolated from spent culture media using differential ultracentrifugation. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the size, concentration, and morphology of the isolated EVs. Proteins within the isolated EVs were analyzed using mass spectrometry-based proteomics (LC-MS/MS). Results: Proteomic analysis revealed a total of 113 proteins in Parascaris EVs, with several proteins showing homology to known helminth exosome proteins and exhibiting immunomodulatory functions. Sex-specific differences in EV protein composition were observed, with a distinct abundance of C-type lectins in female EVs, suggesting potential sex-specific roles or regulation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed metabolic pathways shared between male and female Parascaris EVs, as well as differences in signal transduction, and cell growth and death pathways, indicating sex-specific variations. Conclusions: These findings imply that Parascaris EVs and their protein cargo are complex. This data potentially opens avenues for discovering innovative approaches to managing and understanding helminth infection.
© 2024. The Author(s).
Publication Date: 2024-10-10 PubMed ID: 39390471PubMed Central: PMC11468347DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06502-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research article presents a study about the proteins carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by adult Parascaris worms, a major threat to equine health. The study discovered 113 different proteins with differences based on the worm’s sex and potential implications for host immune responses.
Study Objectives and Methodology
- This research aimed to isolate and examine the EVs that are released by both male and female adult Parascaris worms and conduct a proteomic analysis to identify the proteins contained in these EVs. This was done in order to find sex-specific proteins and potentially identify proteins with immunomodulatory properties.
- To do this, the researchers went through a process of obtaining live adult Parascaris worms. They then isolated the EVs from the media in which the worms had been kept using a method known as differential ultracentrifugation.
- After the isolation, the researchers used nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy to confirm the size, concentration, and morphology of the EVs.
- Finally, the proteins contained in these EVs were analyzed using mass spectrometry-based proteomics (LC-MS/MS).
Findings of the Research
- The proteomic analysis found a total of 113 proteins in the EVs from Parascaris. Some of these proteins were similar to known proteins in helminth exosomes, which are small vesicles carrying various molecules, with immunomodulatory functions.
- There were notable differences in the protein composition of EVs between male and female worms. Specifically, female EVs had a higher abundance of C-type lectins, suggesting that they might have unique roles or regulatory processes tied to the worms’ sex.
- Data from Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses highlighted that there were some metabolic pathways that were shared between the EVs of male and female worms. However, they also showed differences in signal transduction and cell growth and death pathways, suggesting other possible sex-specific variations.
Significance and Conclusions of the Findings
- The results of this research imply that the EVs of Parascaris worms and the proteins they carry have a complex nature, with differences determined by the sex of the worm.
- The discovery of these proteins, particularly those potentially involved in immunomodulation, could lead to exploring innovative approaches for the management and understanding of helminth infection.
Cite This Article
APA
Manikantan V, Ripley NE, Nielsen MK, Dangoudoubiyam S.
(2024).
Protein profile of extracellular vesicles derived from adult Parascaris spp.
Parasit Vectors, 17(1), 426.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06502-3 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40503, USA.
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40503, USA.
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. sdangoud@purdue.edu.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Extracellular Vesicles / chemistry
- Extracellular Vesicles / metabolism
- Extracellular Vesicles / ultrastructure
- Female
- Male
- Proteomics
- Horses
- Helminth Proteins / metabolism
- Helminth Proteins / genetics
- Helminth Proteins / chemistry
- Ascaridoidea
- Horse Diseases / parasitology
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Ascaridida Infections / parasitology
- Ascaridida Infections / veterinary
- Chromatography, Liquid
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no competing interests.
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