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Biology of reproduction2023; 108(6); 887-901; doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioad041

Reprogramming efficiency and pluripotency of mule iPSCs over its parents†.

Abstract: The mule is the interspecific hybrid of horse and donkey and has hybrid vigor in muscular endurance, disease resistance, and longevity over its parents. Here, we examined adult fibroblasts of mule (MAFs) compared with the cells from their parents (donkey adult fibroblasts and horse adult fibroblasts) (each species has repeated three independent individuals) in proliferation, apoptosis, and glycolysis and found significant differences. We subsequently derived mule, donkey, and horse doxycycline (Dox)-independent induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs, diPSCs, and hiPSCs) from three independent individuals of each species and found that the reprogramming efficiency of MAFs was significantly higher than that of cells of donkey and horse. miPSCs, diPSCs, and hiPSCs all expressed the high levels of crucial endogenous pluripotency genes such as POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1, OCT4), SRY-box 2 (SOX2), and Nanog homeobox (NANOG) and propagated robustly in single-cell passaging. miPSCs exhibited faster proliferation and higher pluripotency and differentiation than diPSCs and hiPSCs, which were reflected in co-cultures and separate-cultures, teratoma formation, and chimera contribution. The establishment of miPSCs provides a unique research material for the investigation of "heterosis" and perhaps is more significant to study hybrid gamete formation.
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Publication Date: 2023-04-12 PubMed ID: 37040346PubMed Central: PMC10266948DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad041Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the reprogramming efficiency and pluripotency of adult fibroblasts from mules compared to their parents, horses and donkeys. The results suggest that mule fibroblasts have a higher efficacy for reprogramming and possess superior pluripotency and differentiation, providing a unique research material for studies on heterosis and hybrid gamete formation.

Study on Mule Fibroblasts

In this research, adult fibroblasts of mules, horse, and donkey were studied. The fibroblasts from each species were derived from three independent individuals.

  • The properties of the respective species’ fibroblasts in terms of proliferation, apoptosis, and glycolysis were examined initially. It was observed that those of the mule displayed significant differences compared to their parents, horses and donkeys.
  • Based on these findings, induce pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) – mule (miPSCs), donkey (diPSCs), horse (hiPSCs) – were then derived from fibroblasts of three independent individuals of each species using doxycycline (Dox).
  • In the process of deriving these cells, it was found that the reprogramming efficiency of mule adult fibroblasts (MAFs) was significantly higher than that of the parent species.

Pluripotency Examination

Subsequent to the derivation process, the pluripotency of the derived iPSCs were evaluated.

  • All iPSCs expressed high levels of crucial endogenous pluripotency genes, namely POU5F1, SOX2, and NANOG.
  • The iPSCs of the mule (miPSCs) exhibited faster proliferation and demonstrated higher pluripotency and differentiation abilities when compared to the diPSCs and hiPSCs. This was observed in different settings – in co-cultures and separate-cultures, teratoma formation, and chimera contribution.

Significance of the Study

This research highlights the superior reprogramming efficiency and pluripotency of mule fibroblasts, creating a basis for further investigation on the phenomenon of “heterosis” – the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring.

  • The establishment and study of miPSCs offers a unique and valuable material, which could potentially stimulate deeper research into hybrid vigor in mules and their biological superiority over their parent species.
  • The study may hold implications for hybrid gamete formation, an area that can be explored in future research.

Cite This Article

APA
Zhang J, Zhao L, Fu Y, Liu F, Wang Z, Li Y, Zhao G, Sun W, Wu B, Song Y, Li S, Hao C, Wuyun B, Wu R, Liu M, Cao G, Nashun B, Surani MA, Sun Q, Bao S, Liu P, Li X. (2023). Reprogramming efficiency and pluripotency of mule iPSCs over its parents†. Biol Reprod, 108(6), 887-901. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioad041

Publication

Biology of reproduction
ISSN: 1529-7268
NlmUniqueID: 0207224
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 108
Issue: 6
Pages: 887-901

Researcher Affiliations

Zhang, Jia
  • The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
  • Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
Zhao, Lixia
  • College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China.
Fu, Yuting
  • The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
  • Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
Liu, Fangyuan
  • Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
  • Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China.
Wang, Zixin
  • Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China.
Li, Yunxia
  • Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China.
Zhao, Gaoping
  • Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China.
  • National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Industry, Hohhot 010020, China.
Sun, Wei
  • Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China.
  • National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Industry, Hohhot 010020, China.
Wu, Baojiang
  • The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
  • Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
Song, Yongli
  • The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
  • Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
Li, Shaohua
  • College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China.
Hao, Chunxia
  • The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
  • Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
Wuyun, Bilige
  • The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
  • Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
Wu, Rihan
  • The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
  • Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
Liu, Moning
  • Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
Cao, Guifang
  • Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
Nashun, Buhe
  • The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
Surani, M Azim
  • Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
Sun, Qingyuan
  • Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China.
Bao, Siqin
  • The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
  • Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
Liu, Pentao
  • School of Biomedical Science, Stem Cell and Regenerative Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
  • Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Building 17W, The Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Li, Xihe
  • The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
  • Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China.
  • Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
  • Cellular Reprogramming
  • Equidae
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cell Differentiation / genetics
  • Fibroblasts
  • Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / genetics

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