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Review of cellular therapies provides new insights into the potential treatment of diverse neurologic diseases in horses and dogs.
Abstract: Neurological diseases and injuries in veterinary patients (horses, dogs, and cats) are complex, and effective treatment options are limited. Neuronal loss, damage to nerve conduction pathways, and inflammation and scarring associated with spinal cord injury pose major challenges in managing many neurological diseases. Furthermore, most of these neuropathologies lack definitive pharmacological treatments, driving interest and research into novel interventions. Our objective is to provide a narrative review of the current literature surrounding cellular therapies including neuronal and glial stem cells, neurotrophic factors, mesenchymal stem or stromal cells, and cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells for the treatment of diverse neurological pathologies. Cellular therapies have the potential for cellular replacement, immune modulation, and paracrine signaling and the flexibility of being used alone or alongside surgical intervention. Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells are arguably the most researched cellular therapy and have been administered intrathecally, IV, intra-arterially, intranasally, and intraspinally with few adverse reactions. Limited clinical and experimental studies have suggested efficacy in diseases including acute spinal cord injury and intervertebral disc disease. Little is currently known about the safety and efficacy of neural stem cells, precursor cell administration, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived treatments. Further research is necessary to determine the efficacy and long-term safety of cellular therapies. Future aims should include larger controlled clinical trials in companion animals for common neurologic conditions including acute spinal cord injury, intervertebral disc disease, peripheral nerve injury, degenerative neuropathies, and age-associated cognitive decline.
Publication Date: 2024-03-08 PubMed ID: 38437789DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.12.0709Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article reviews the potential of cellular therapies as new treatments for various neurological diseases in animals like horses and dogs.
Objective and Method
- The primary objective of the reviewed research is to provide a comprehensive narrative review of the existing literature on cellular therapies. This included the potential use and the pros and cons of neuronal and glial stem cells, neurotrophic factors, mesenchymal stem or stromal cells, and cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in treating diverse neurological pathologies.
- Certain neurological conditions in animals, especially horses and dogs, are complicated and lack effective treatment options. The motivation behind exploring cellular therapies is due to a dearth of concise pharmacological treatments for such conditions.
Potential of Cellular Therapies
- Cellular therapies could be a promising intervention with the potential for cellular replacement, immune modulation, paracrine signaling, and could be applied either alone or alongside surgical procedures.
- Among all the types, mesenchymal stem or stromal cells are the most researched and are found to have minimal adverse reactions. They can be administered in multiple ways— intrathecally, intravenously, intra-arterially, intranasally, and intraspinally.
- The research observes that these cells could be effective in treating acute spinal cord injury and intervertebral disc disease based on limited clinical and experimental studies.
Limitations and Future Scope
- However, certain limitations exist. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge on the safety measures and efficacy levels of neural stem cells, precursor cell administration, and iPSC-derived treatments.
- Further, the long-term safety of cellular therapies is yet to be fully determined through extensive research.
- The researchers suggest that future research should focus on conducting larger controlled clinical trials in companion animals for common neurological conditions. These could include acute spinal cord injury, intervertebral disc disease, peripheral nerve injury, degenerative neuropathies, and age-associated cognitive decline.
Cite This Article
APA
Colbath AC, Goodrich L, Frye C, Dow S.
(2024).
Review of cellular therapies provides new insights into the potential treatment of diverse neurologic diseases in horses and dogs.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 1-10.
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.23.12.0709 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
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