Review of pulsing electromagnetic field therapy and its possible application to horses.

The research study explores the effects of pulsing electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) on cell functions and its potential application in equine treatment, especially for fractures, by comparing it with DC current stimulation.

Analysis of the Electrostimulation Literature

• The research begins with a broad examination of the existing literature around electrostimulation and a more focused review of studies dealing with pulsing electromagnetic fields.

DC Current and Its Influence on Cell Behaviour

• The first part of the study explains how DC (Direct Current) influences cell behavior.
• The DC current affects transmembrane ion transport, which is frequently under enzymatic control, changing the way that cells function.

Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields Influence on Cell Functions

• The researchers then examine how pulsing electromagnetic fields seem to bring about cell functionality changes.
• This modulation occurs through the adsorption of ions or the creation of dipoles at the cell membrane.

Comparison Between DC Current Stimulation and Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields

• A comparison is drawn between the use of invasive and non-invasive DC current stimulation, and the application of pulsing electromagnetic fields.
• The aim is to highlight the differences and similarities between these methods and how they interact with cellular processes.

Application of Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields to Equine Treatment

• The study discusses the way pulsing electromagnetic fields can be applied to the equine limb.
• Suggests treatment times are also reviewed, providing a basis for practical use of this therapy in a veterinary setting.

Case Study Investigations

• The final part of this study provides insight into two case reports
• These reports are used to illustrate the effect of pulsing electromagnetic fields in treating fractures in horses, demonstrating the potential benefits and applications of this treatment method.