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Home / Equine Research Bank / Antioxidants (Basel) / Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Genes in Sep...
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2025; 14(8); 1024; doi: 10.3390/antiox14081024

Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Genes in Septic Neonatal Foals.

Abstract: The progression of inflammation during sepsis represents a multifaceted biological cascade that requires effective therapeutic interventions to improve survival. In septic neonatal foals, oxidative stress (OS) arises due to a compromised antioxidant defense system. Oxidative stress may disrupt the functionality of redox-sensitive organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Endoplasmic reticulum stress disorder affects multiple cellular signaling pathways, including redox balance, inflammation, and apoptosis, and contributes to the pathogenesis of sepsis. The study aimed to elucidate whether OS conditions in sepsis influenced gene expression associated with ER stress. Blood samples were collected from 7 healthy and 21 hospitalized neonatal foals and processed for RNA extraction. RNA sequencing was employed to identify ER stress-responsive genes. Novel findings reported here indicate activation of the ER stress pathway in foals with sepsis. Several genes associated with ER stress, such as clusterin (), BCL2-like 1 (), ubiquitin specific peptidase 14 (), bifunctional apoptosis regulator (), and optic atrophy 1 (), were upregulated and positively correlated with sepsis scores and negatively correlated with the combined activities of antioxidant enzymes. In contrast, X-box binding protein 1 (), homocysteine inducible ER protein with ubiquitin-like domain 1 (), leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (), and selenoprotein S () were negatively correlated with sepsis scores and were downregulated in sepsis and positively correlated with the combined activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 2 () and , as well as between the expressions of and YOD1 deubiquitinase () in sepsis. Similarly, the expression levels of and demonstrated a positive correlation with each other in sepsis. Additionally, the downregulation of genes with protective function against OS, such as , , and , in septic foals also highlights their significance in mitigating OS in sepsis treatment. The study reported here highlights the potential of ER stress as a promising therapeutic target and prognostic marker in septic foals.
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Publication Date: 2025-08-21 PubMed ID: 40867920PubMed Central: PMC12382706DOI: 10.3390/antiox14081024Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This study investigated how genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress respond during sepsis in neonatal foals.
  • It found that ER stress pathways are activated in septic foals and identified specific genes whose expression correlates with disease severity and antioxidant enzyme activity, suggesting new targets for therapy and prognosis.

Background and Importance

  • Sepsis is a severe systemic inflammatory condition caused by infection, leading to complex biological cascades that worsen patient outcomes, especially in neonatal foals.
  • Oxidative stress (OS), a condition where the antioxidant defense system is overwhelmed, is common during sepsis and causes cellular damage.
  • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle sensitive to redox changes; when stressed, it can disrupt cellular functions including protein folding, inflammation regulation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death).
  • ER stress is therefore hypothesized to play a critical role in the development and progression of sepsis, making it a candidate for therapeutic intervention.

Study Objectives

  • To determine whether oxidative stress conditions in septic neonatal foals alter the expression of genes associated with ER stress.
  • To identify specific ER stress-related genes that correlate with clinical markers of sepsis and antioxidant enzyme activity.

Methods

  • Blood samples were collected from 7 healthy neonatal foals and 21 hospitalized septic neonatal foals.
  • RNA was extracted from blood samples and RNA sequencing was performed to identify changes in gene expression related to ER stress.
  • Correlation analysis was conducted between gene expression levels, sepsis severity scores, and antioxidant enzyme activities.

Key Findings

  • Activation of ER stress pathways was detected in septic foals, indicating their involvement in the disease process.
  • Certain genes linked to ER stress were upregulated (increased expression) in sepsis and positively correlated with sepsis severity and negatively correlated with antioxidant enzyme activity:
    • Clusterin (CLU)
    • BCL2-like 1 (BCL2L1)
    • Ubiquitin specific peptidase 14 (USP14)
    • Bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BFAR)
    • Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1)
  • Other ER stress-related genes were downregulated (decreased expression) in sepsis and negatively correlated with sepsis severity but positively correlated with antioxidant enzyme activity:
    • X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1)
    • Homocysteine inducible ER protein with ubiquitin-like domain 1 (HERPUD1)
    • Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)
    • Selenoprotein S (SELS)
  • Positive correlations between certain gene expressions in septic foals suggest coordinated regulation under ER stress conditions:
    • CREB3L2 and USP14
    • USP14 and YOD1 deubiquitinase
    • HERPUD1 and XBP1
  • Genes known to protect against oxidative stress, such as those listed above, were generally downregulated in septic foals, emphasizing their potential role in combating OS during sepsis.

Implications and Conclusions

  • The activation and differential expression of ER stress-associated genes in septic neonatal foals suggest that ER stress contributes to the pathology of sepsis.
  • These findings highlight potential biomarkers that could be used to gauge disease severity and progression.
  • Therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating ER stress responses or boosting antioxidant defenses might improve survival and outcomes in septic foals.
  • The study opens avenues for research into ER stress-targeted treatments and prognostic tools in veterinary practice focused on neonatal sepsis.

Cite This Article

APA
Sahoo DK, Wong D, Paital B, Ruby RE, Patel A. (2025). Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Genes in Septic Neonatal Foals. Antioxidants (Basel), 14(8), 1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14081024

Publication

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-3921
NlmUniqueID: 101668981
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 8
PII: 1024

Researcher Affiliations

Sahoo, Dipak Kumar
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Wong, David
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Paital, Biswaranjan
  • Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India.
Ruby, Rebecca E
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40511, USA.
Patel, Ashish
  • Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan 384265, Gujarat, India.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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