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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet World / Seasonal content of heavy metals in the “soil-feed-mil...
Veterinary world2021; 14(11); 2947-2956; doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2947-2956

Seasonal content of heavy metals in the “soil-feed-milk-manure” system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan.

Abstract: The quality of food, especially animal-based food, is crucial for human health. However, the quality of milk and other animal products has become an acute cause for concern in Kazakhstan. Technogenic dispersion of heavy metals (HMs) causes adverse effects on living organisms and creates unfavorable conditions for the existence of humans, animals, and plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of several HMs in samples of soil, horse feed (hay, mixed feed, and bran), mare's milk, and manure to assess bioaccumulation and possible adverse effects on the bodies of horses. An additional purpose was to identify areas with acceptable conditions for obtaining environmentally safe horse breeding products in the agricultural zones of the Almaty region, Kazakhstan. Methods: Samples were obtained from two farms in the Almaty region in 2020 (spring, summer, and autumn). In total, 72 soil samples were analyzed, which were taken from the upper humus horizon to the depth of the arable layer. Eighty-six samples were taken from the feed of horses. Green feed was represented by perennial and annual grasses (alsike clover, , sweet yellow clover, as well as pea and oat mix). Barley and wheat bran stored in the warehouses of the farm were sampled for the research as feed supplements. The mixed feed comprised components such as maize and sunflower. In addition, 46 samples of mare's milk and 28 samples of horse manure were collected. The HM analysis was performed in the laboratory of the Kazakh-Japanese Innovation Center. The residual amounts of HMs were determined using an absorption spectrometer with a voltammetric analyzer. The content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) in all the studied samples of soil, feed, mare's milk, and manure did not exceed the threshold limit values (TLVs), suggesting that the intake of these toxic elements into the human body with food was low. Results: The average Cd concentration was in the range of 0.29-0.31 mg/kg in soil samples and in the range of 0.20-0.27 mg/kg in feed samples. In milk, the Cd concentration varied from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/L and was lower in summer and higher in fall. The total average Cd content in horse manure was 0.1844 mg/kg. The concentration of Pb in soil samples ranged from 1.09 to 1.30 mg/kg with the lowest value in spring and the highest in fall. In the feed, the concentration of Pb varied from 0.14 to 0.76 mg/kg and in milk from 0.03 to 0.15 mg/L. The average concentrations of Hg and As in soil samples averaged 0.022 and 0.019 mg/kg, respectively, and were within the TLVs. Conclusions: In the study areas, the calculated transition rates in the soil-feed-milk-manure system revealed that the greatest transition of HMs was observed for Pb and Cd, and a smaller migration was observed for Hg and As. The tendency of accumulation of trace elements continued in the feed.
Copyright: © Kozhanova, et al.
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Publication Date: 2021-11-24 PubMed ID: 35017843PubMed Central: PMC8743788DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2947-2956Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article discusses a study conducted in Kazakhstan to assess the level of heavy metals in the soil, feed, mare’s milk, and manure in horse husbandry. The toxins were found to be within the acceptable threshold, suggesting that food produced from these farms is safe for human consumption.

Research Methodology

  • The study was conducted in the agricultural zones of the Almaty region in Kazakhstan in the year 2020. The two farms were chosen for their horse husbandry practices.
  • Various samples were collected over the spring, summer, and autumn seasons. This included 72 soil samples from the upper humus horizon to the arable layer depth, 86 samples of horse feed comprising hay, mixed food, and bran, 46 mare’s milk samples, and 28 horse manure samples.
  • The feed comprised alfalfa, sweet yellow clover, oat and pea mix, and food supplements such as barley and wheat bran from the farm’s warehouses. The mixed feed contained sunflower and maize components.
  • An absorption spectrometer with a voltammetric analyzer was used to determine residual heavy metals in the collected samples.

Results

  • The heavy metals that were studied include cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As). The residual amounts of these heavy metals did not exceed the threshold limit values (TLVs) in the samples of soil, feed, mare’s milk, and manure, indicating low toxicity levels.
  • The cadmium concentration in the soil samples ranged between 0.29-0.31 mg/kg and in the feed between 0.20-0.27 mg/kg. Interestingly, the cadmium content in mare’s milk varied with season, being lower in summer and higher in the fall with a concentration of 0.01 to 0.02 mg/L. Horse manure had an average cadmium content of 0.1844 mg/kg.
  • The lead concentration was recorded between 1.09 to 1.30 mg/kg, 0.14 to 0.76 mg/kg, and 0.03 to 0.15 mg/L in soil, feed, and milk samples respectively.
  • Mercury and arsenic were also recorded within the threshold limit values in the soil samples with average concentrations of 0.022 mg/kg and 0.019 mg/kg respectively.

Conclusions

  • The analysis of the transition rates of these heavy metals in the soil-feed-milk-manure system showed that the greatest transition was observed for lead and cadmium.
  • Mercury and arsenic showed lesser migration.
  • No significant traces of the heavy metals were found in the feed, indicating that the observed tendency of accumulation did not negatively impact the overall food quality.
  • The study’s findings suggest that the agricultural zones of the Almaty region in Kazakhstan are safe for horse breeding and suggest low risk of heavy metal toxicity in food produced from these farms.

Cite This Article

APA
Kozhanova N, Sarsembayeva N, Lozowicka B, Kozhanov Z. (2021). Seasonal content of heavy metals in the “soil-feed-milk-manure” system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan. Vet World, 14(11), 2947-2956. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2947-2956

Publication

Veterinary world
ISSN: 0972-8988
NlmUniqueID: 101504872
Country: India
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 11
Pages: 2947-2956

Researcher Affiliations

Kozhanova, Nazym
  • Department of Veterinary Sanitary Examination and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Sarsembayeva, Nurzhan
  • Department of Veterinary Sanitary Examination and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Lozowicka, Bozena
  • Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Institute, Bialystok, Poland.
Kozhanov, Zhassulan
  • Department of Technology of Production of Livestock Produce, Faculty of Technology and Bioresources, Veterinary Science, Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

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