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International journal of molecular sciences2025; 26(4); 1447; doi: 10.3390/ijms26041447

Sensitization to Horse Allergens-Molecular Analysis Based on the Results of Multiparameter Tests.

Abstract: The domestic horse is the third most common source of animal allergens. Currently, five equine allergens have been classified (Equ c 1, 2, 3, 4, 6). Despite the apparently low exposure to allergens, equine allergy is still of great clinical importance. The aim of the study was to analyze equine allergy based on the results of ImmunoCAP ISAC and Allergy Xplorer ALEX tests. The study was retrospective. A total of 1553 patients were analyzed. Immunological tests were performed using the ImmunoCAP ISAC and Allergy Xplorer ALEX systems. From all the results, those with a positive result for at least one horse allergen were selected for further analysis. Horse allergy was found in 9% of subjects by the ImmunoCAP ISAC and in 10% by the Allergy Xplorer ALEX system. In both tests, sIgE for Equ c 1 was most frequently found. Horse allergy was very often accompanied by allergy to other animals. Monosensitization to horse was found only in the ImmunoCAP ISAC tests (0.2% of the population). In the ImmunoCAP ISAC tests, a correlation was found between Equ c 1 and Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 5, Fel d 1, Fel d 4, Mus m1 and Can f 3; with increasing sIgE concentrations for the allergen Equ c 1, the results for the remaining correlated allergens increased. Horse allergy is a common clinical problem. Equ c 1 is the major horse allergen. Monosensitization to horse is rare. The present study is the first to present analyses of sIgE concentrations for horse allergens.
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Publication Date: 2025-02-09 PubMed ID: 40003913PubMed Central: PMC11855052DOI: 10.3390/ijms26041447Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article focuses on the molecular analysis of allergic reactions to horse allergens, utilizing the results garnered from ImmunoCAP ISAC and Allergy Xplorer ALEX tests executed on a cohort of 1553 patients. The article reveals that horse allergy is common, with Equ c 1 standing out as the major horse allergen, but isolated sensitization to horses is rare.

Research Methodology

  • The study was implemented in a retrospective format analyzing the data of 1553 subjects.
  • Two different diagnostic systems, ImmunoCAP ISAC and Allergy Xplorer ALEX, were employed to perform immunological tests on the subjects.
  • All the results depicting at least one positive result for horse allergens were carefully selected for a detailed analysis.

Key Findings

  • The horse allergy was identified in 9% of subjects as per the ImmunoCAP ISAC results, and in 10% according to the Allergy Xplorer ALEX system.
  • Among the five known equine allergens, Equ c 1 was the most frequently identified using both testing systems.
  • Horse allergy was frequently encountered alongside allergies to other animals, signifying that isolated horse allergy was a rarity, found only in 0.2% of the population via ImmunoCAP ISAC tests.

Significant Correlations

  • In the ImmunoCAP ISAC tests, correlations were found between Equ c 1 and Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 5, Fel d 1, Fel d 4, Mus m1, and Can f 3.
  • This indicates that with an increase in the sIgE concentrations for the allergen Equ c 1, the results for the remaining correlated allergens concurrently increased.

Significance of the Study

  • This study underlines the clinical prominence of horse allergy and highlights Equ c 1 as the most significant horse allergen.
  • It brings to light that monosensitization to horse allergens is a rare incidence, contradicting the presupposition of isolated horse allergies.
  • Lastly, the research interestingly is the first to extensively present analyses of sIgE concentrations for horse allergens, marking a significant contribution to allergy medical literature.

Cite This Article

APA
Rosada T, Lis K, Bartuzi Z, Ukleja-Sokołowska N. (2025). Sensitization to Horse Allergens-Molecular Analysis Based on the Results of Multiparameter Tests. Int J Mol Sci, 26(4), 1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041447

Publication

International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
NlmUniqueID: 101092791
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 26
Issue: 4
PII: 1447

Researcher Affiliations

Rosada, Tomasz
  • Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Lis, Kinga
  • Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Bartuzi, Zbigniew
  • Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Ukleja-Sokołowska, Natalia
  • Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses / immunology
  • Allergens / immunology
  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Hypersensitivity / immunology
  • Hypersensitivity / diagnosis
  • Male
  • Female
  • Adult
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Middle Aged
  • Immunoglobulin E / immunology
  • Immunoglobulin E / blood
  • Adolescent
  • Young Adult
  • Aged
  • Child
  • Immunologic Tests / methods

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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