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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Commun Dis / Sero-positivity of domestic animals against Japanese encepha...
The Journal of communicable diseases1995; 27(4); 242-246;

Sero-positivity of domestic animals against Japanese encephalitis in Bareilly area, U.P.

Abstract: A study on seroprevalence of Japanese Encephalitis (JE), West Nile (WN) and Dengue-2 (DN-2) was undertaken in and around Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh to explore the role of non-human hosts in the natural cycle of these infections. A total of 1449 animal sera samples collected from 104 dogs, 170 pigs, 170 horses, 333 buffaloes, 252 cattle, 168 sheep and 252 goats were screened for antibodies against JE, WN and DN-2 by Micro-haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test employing 4 to 16 HA units of JE, WN and DN-2 antigens. The HI positivity against JE was found in dogs (55.77%) followed by pigs (40%), horses (37.65%), buffaloes (21.92%), goats (17.86%), sheep (2.38%) and cattle (1.98%). The seropositivity against WN was relatively lower with 24.04% in dogs, pigs (27.65%) horses (25.88%) buffaloes (13.81%), goats (6.75%), cattle (1.19%) and nil in sheep. The seropositivity against DN-2 was lowest among all the three infections with 15.88% in horses, in dogs (15.38), pigs (11.76%) buffaloes (7.81%) and 3.97% in goats. All the cattle and sheep sera gave negative results against DN-2 antigen. The study showed endemicity of the infections in this area.
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Publication Date: 1995-12-01 PubMed ID: 8866989
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper investigates the prevalence of antibodies against Japanese Encephalitis, West Nile, and Dengue-2 in domesticated animals in the Bareilly area of Uttar Pradesh, indicating the degree to which these animals might serve as non-human hosts in the natural cycle of the diseases.

Research Methodology

  • The study was conducted in and around Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, and involved taking serum samples from a variety of domestic animals – 104 dogs, 170 pigs, 170 horses, 333 buffaloes, 252 cattle, 168 sheep and 252 goats.
  • These samples were then screened for antibodies against Japanese Encephalitis (JE), West Nile (WN), and Dengue-2 (DN-2).
  • The method employed for this screening was the Micro-haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, which uses 4 to 16 HA units of JE, WN, and DN-2 antigens.

Key Findings

  • The highest seropositivity for JE was found in dogs (55.77%), followed by pigs (40%), horses (37.65%), buffaloes (21.92%), goats (17.86%), sheep (2.38%), and cattle (1.98%).
  • For WN, the seropositivity was relatively lower, with 24.04% in dogs, pigs (27.65%) horses (25.88%) buffaloes (13.81%), goats (6.75%), cattle (1.19%), and no sheep testing positive.
  • The lowest seropositivity, among all three diseases, was for DN-2: 15.88% in horses, dogs (15.38%), pigs (11.76%), buffaloes (7.81%), and only 3.97% in goats. All the cattle and sheep samples tested negative for DN-2.
  • The range of seropositives indicates that the infections are endemic, or commonly found, in this area, suggesting a high risk to human populations.

Implications of the Study

  • This study provides critical data on the prevalence of these diseases among domestic animals in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, allowing health officials to better understand the risk and take action as needed.
  • The findings indicate a potentially significant role for domestic animals in the transmission of these diseases to humans.
  • The data can also help in the development of effective prevention and control strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Mall MP, Kumar A, Malik SV. (1995). Sero-positivity of domestic animals against Japanese encephalitis in Bareilly area, U.P. J Commun Dis, 27(4), 242-246.

Publication

The Journal of communicable diseases
ISSN: 0019-5138
NlmUniqueID: 0261652
Country: India
Language: English
Volume: 27
Issue: 4
Pages: 242-246

Researcher Affiliations

Mall, M P
  • Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar.
Kumar, A
    Malik, S V

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Animals, Domestic / virology
      • Cattle
      • Dogs
      • Encephalitis, Japanese / veterinary
      • Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
      • India
      • Serologic Tests

      Citations

      This article has been cited 10 times.
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        doi: 10.3390/v13030357pubmed: 33668224google scholar: lookup
      2. Gwee SXW, St John AL, Gray GC, Pang J. Animals as potential reservoirs for dengue transmission: A systematic review. One Health 2021 Jun;12:100216.
        doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100216pubmed: 33598525google scholar: lookup
      3. Kumar B, Manuja A, Gulati BR, Virmani N, Tripathi BN. Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Equines and Their Impact on Human and Animal Health. Open Virol J 2018;12:80-98.
        doi: 10.2174/1874357901812010080pubmed: 30288197google scholar: lookup
      4. Yun SI, Lee YM. Early Events in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection: Viral Entry. Pathogens 2018 Aug 13;7(3).
        doi: 10.3390/pathogens7030068pubmed: 30104482google scholar: lookup
      5. Gulati BR, Singha H, Singh BK, Virmani N, Kumar S, Singh RK. Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus from equines in India. J Vet Sci 2012 Jun;13(2):111-8.
        doi: 10.4142/jvs.2012.13.2.111pubmed: 22705732google scholar: lookup
      6. Gulati BR, Singha H, Singh BK, Virmani N, Khurana SK, Singh RK. Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus infection among equines in India. J Vet Sci 2011 Dec;12(4):341-5.
        doi: 10.4142/jvs.2011.12.4.341pubmed: 22122900google scholar: lookup
      7. Lichtensteiger CA, Heinz-Taheny K, Osborne TS, Novak RJ, Lewis BA, Firth ML. West Nile virus encephalitis and myocarditis in wolf and dog. Emerg Infect Dis 2003 Oct;9(10):1303-6.
        doi: 10.3201/eid0910.020617pubmed: 14609468google scholar: lookup
      8. Charrel RN, Abboud M, Durand JP, Brouqui P, De Lamballerie X. Dual infection by dengue virus and Shigella sonnei in patient returning from India. Emerg Infect Dis 2003 Feb;9(2):271.
        doi: 10.3201/eid0902.020026pubmed: 12604005google scholar: lookup
      9. Bonilla-Aldana DK, Rodas-Fuenmayor MM, Ruiz-Aristizabal LM, Ulloque-Badaracco JR, Alarcón-Braga EA, Hernandez-Bustamante EA, Cabrera-Guzman JC, Ulloque-Badaracco RR, Benites-Zapata VA, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Serological and molecular detection of dengue virus in animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Infez Med 2024;32(2):183-201.
        doi: 10.53854/liim-3202-7pubmed: 38827825google scholar: lookup
      10. Xia Q, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Ma X, Xiao C, Zhang J, Li Z, Liu K, Li B, Shao D, Qiu Y, Wei J, Ma Z. Shift in dominant genotypes of Japanese encephalitis virus and its impact on current vaccination strategies. Front Microbiol 2023;14:1302101.
        doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1302101pubmed: 38045034google scholar: lookup
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