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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Res Commun / Serodiagnosis of equine infectious anemia by indirect ELISA ...
Veterinary research communications2025; 49(3); 174; doi: 10.1007/s11259-025-10707-x

Serodiagnosis of equine infectious anemia by indirect ELISA based on a novel synthetic peptide derived from gp45 glycoprotein.

Abstract: The transmembrane glycoprotein gp45 (implicated in virus-equine B lymphocyte binding and in subsequent infection) is an important protein used as an antigen in the serological diagnosis of equine infectious anemia, but synthetic peptides derived from its structure are not. Consequently, the present study aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of the Bio-AIELAB immunoassay (novel synthetic peptide P05/gp45) in comparison with a similar commercial assay (ELISA EIA, VMRD Inc, USA) and with the gold standard (AGID, LABIOFAM, Cuba). A total of 365 samples of sera from naturally infected Cuban horses (positive: 179, and negative: 186) were investigated by Bio-AIELAB and AGID, of which 299 (positive: 147, and negative: 152) were analysed by ELISA EIA. The performance indicators used in all cases were: relative diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive values, as well as concordance according to the Kappa index. The Bio-AIELAB system obtained the best performance in sensitivity (99.44%, 178/179), specificity (95.16%, 177/186) and concordance (Kappa index: 0.94) with respect to ELISA EIA test. Based on the above elements, Bio-AIELAB could be a promising candidate for use in equine infectious anemia surveillance programs in combination with the AGID test.
© 2025. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2025-04-22 PubMed ID: 40261479PubMed Central: PMC12014826DOI: 10.1007/s11259-025-10707-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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Overview

  • This research evaluated a new diagnostic test (Bio-AIELAB), based on a synthetic peptide from the gp45 protein, for detecting equine infectious anemia (EIA) in horses.
  • The test’s performance was compared with an existing commercial ELISA test and the standard AGID test to determine its accuracy and potential for disease surveillance.

Background

  • Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a viral disease affecting horses, diagnosed primarily through serological tests detecting antibodies against the virus.
  • The transmembrane glycoprotein gp45 plays a critical role in the virus binding to horse B lymphocytes and infection, making it a target antigen for serodiagnosis.
  • While gp45 has been used as an antigen, synthetic peptides derived from its structure had not previously been employed as diagnostic tools.

Objective

  • The study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of the Bio-AIELAB immunoassay based on a novel synthetic peptide (P05) derived from gp45.
  • Its results were compared to a commercial ELISA assay (ELISA EIA from VMRD Inc.) and the gold-standard agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test from LABIOFAM, Cuba.

Methods

  • Sample Collection:
    • 365 serum samples from Cuban horses naturally infected or not with EIA were collected.
    • Out of these, 179 samples were positive and 186 were negative as per AGID testing.
  • Testing:
    • All samples were tested with both Bio-AIELAB and AGID tests.
    • 299 of these samples (147 positive, 152 negative) were additionally tested with the commercial ELISA EIA assay.
  • Evaluation Metrics:
    • Relative Diagnostic Sensitivity (true positive rate)
    • Relative Diagnostic Specificity (true negative rate)
    • Positive Predictive Value (probability that a positive test is truly positive)
    • Negative Predictive Value (probability that a negative test is truly negative)
    • Concordance measured by the Kappa index (degree of agreement beyond chance)

Results

  • Bio-AIELAB performance:
    • Sensitivity: 99.44% (178 out of 179 positive samples correctly identified)
    • Specificity: 95.16% (177 out of 186 negative samples correctly identified)
    • Kappa index (agreement with AGID): 0.94, indicating almost perfect concordance
  • Compared to the commercial ELISA:
    • Bio-AIELAB showed better sensitivity, specificity, and concordance metrics.

Conclusions and Significance

  • The novel Bio-AIELAB indirect ELISA, based on a synthetic peptide from the gp45 glycoprotein, exhibited excellent diagnostic performance in identifying EIA-infected horses.
  • This new test could serve as a promising tool for EIA surveillance programs, potentially in combination with or as a complement to the traditional AGID assay.
  • Using synthetic peptides offers advantages such as reproducibility, consistency, and possibly reduced costs, facilitating broader epidemiological monitoring and control of EIA.

Cite This Article

APA
Domínguez-Odio A, González LIC, Alfonso DM, Guevara-Hernández F, La O Arias MA, Zayas MP, Ríos MÁB. (2025). Serodiagnosis of equine infectious anemia by indirect ELISA based on a novel synthetic peptide derived from gp45 glycoprotein. Vet Res Commun, 49(3), 174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-025-10707-x

Publication

Veterinary research communications
ISSN: 1573-7446
NlmUniqueID: 8100520
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 49
Issue: 3
Pages: 174
PII: 174

Researcher Affiliations

Domínguez-Odio, Aníbal
  • Dirección de Ciencia e Innovación. Grupo Empresarial LABIOFAM, Avenida Independencia km 16 ½, La Habana, Cuba. dominguezodioanibal@gmail.com.
González, Laura Iliana Coroas
  • Dirección de Ciencia e Innovación. Grupo Empresarial LABIOFAM, Avenida Independencia km 16 ½, La Habana, Cuba.
Alfonso, Dayamí Martín
  • Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de la Defensa Civil, Carretera de Tapaste y Autopista Nacional Km 23 ½, San José de las Lajas, Cuba.
Guevara-Hernández, Francisco
  • Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Carretera Ocozocuautla-Villaflores Km. 84.5, Villaflores, México.
La O Arias, Manuel Alejandro
  • Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Carretera Ocozocuautla-Villaflores Km. 84.5, Villaflores, México.
Zayas, Mayelin Paneque
  • Dirección de Ciencia e Innovación. Grupo Empresarial LABIOFAM, Avenida Independencia km 16 ½, La Habana, Cuba.
Ríos, Miguel Ángel Bedoya
  • Animal Science Research Group, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga. Carrera 33 N°. 30ª-05 (4.162,49 km, Bucaramanga, 68000, Colombia. miguel.bedoya@campusucc.edu.co.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / diagnosis
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / blood
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
  • Serologic Tests / veterinary
  • Serologic Tests / methods
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Peptides

Conflict of Interest Statement

Declarations. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Statement of animal ethics: Ethical statement is not applicable. Conflict of interest: The authors have no relevant fnancial or non-f- nancial interests to disclose. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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