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Home / Equine Research Bank / Trop Med Infect Dis / Seropositivity for Pathogenic Leptospira in Dogs, Cats, and ...
Tropical medicine and infectious disease2025; 10(9); 253; doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed10090253

Seropositivity for Pathogenic Leptospira in Dogs, Cats, and Horses at a Teaching Veterinary Hospital in Southern Chile.

Abstract: At a veterinary hospital in southern Chile, we conducted an epidemiological study involving domestic dogs, cats, and horses to determine the seropositivity for pathogenic spp., identify the infecting serogroups, measure antibody titers, and characterize seropositive animals by sex and age. None of the sampled animals showed clinical signs of leptospirosis. The microscopic agglutination test, using a panel of eight serogroups, was used for diagnosis. The seropositivity was 36.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 24.5-48.4) in dogs, 12.9% (95% CI = 2.6-23.1) in cats, and 45.2% (95% CI = 30.1-60.2) in horses. Serological reactions were detected for the Tarassovi and Canicola serogroups in dogs, Sejroe, Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Grippotyphosa in horses, and Tarassovi in cats. The most frequent antibody titers were 1:200 and 1:400 in dogs, 1:400 in cats, and 1:800 in horses. The distribution of seropositivity varied by sex and age across different animal species. The seropositivity for pathogenic in dogs, cats, and horses attending a veterinary hospital underscores the role of domestic animals as sentinels for zoonotic diseases. This finding has implications for epidemiological surveillance systems in increasing awareness of seropositivity and establishing specific prevention measures to mitigate the risk of leptospirosis transmission.
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Publication Date: 2025-09-03 PubMed ID: 41003563PubMed Central: PMC12474481DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed10090253Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This study investigated the presence of antibodies against pathogenic Leptospira bacteria in dogs, cats, and horses at a veterinary hospital in southern Chile, assessing infection rates, specific bacterial types, and correlations with animal characteristics without clinical symptoms.

Study Objective and Context

  • The research aimed to determine the seropositivity rates (presence of antibodies indicating exposure) for pathogenic Leptospira species in domestic animals — dogs, cats, and horses.
  • It focused on identifying infecting serogroups (distinct groups of Leptospira identified by specific antigens), measuring antibody levels (titers), and analyzing the data in relation to animal sex and age.
  • All animals sampled were asymptomatic for leptospirosis, meaning none showed clinical signs of the disease.

Methodology

  • Samples from dogs, cats, and horses were collected at a teaching veterinary hospital in southern Chile.
  • Diagnosis was conducted using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), a standard serological test for leptospirosis.
  • The MAT panel included eight different Leptospira serogroups, enabling identification of the specific serogroups causing antibody production.

Key Findings on Seropositivity Rates

  • Dogs had a seropositivity rate of 36.5% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 24.5% to 48.4%, indicating a moderate to high exposure level.
  • Cats showed a lower seropositivity rate of 12.9% (95% CI = 2.6-23.1%), suggesting less frequent exposure or infection.
  • Horses exhibited the highest seropositivity at 45.2% (95% CI = 30.1-60.2%), highlighting a notable prevalence in this species.

Identified Infecting Serogroups

  • In dogs, antibodies were detected against the Tarassovi and Canicola serogroups.
  • Horses had antibodies reactive to multiple serogroups: Sejroe, Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Grippotyphosa.
  • Cats primarily showed seropositivity for the Tarassovi serogroup.

Antibody Titers Distribution

  • Dog antibody levels typically ranged at dilutions of 1:200 and 1:400, indicative of exposure but not necessarily recent infection.
  • Cats had antibody titers mostly at 1:400, suggesting a moderate immune response.
  • Horses displayed higher titers at 1:800, which may imply stronger or more recent exposure.

Demographic Variations in Seropositivity

  • The study found variations in seropositivity based on sex and age across the three species, although specific patterns were not detailed in the abstract.
  • This suggests that certain age groups or sexes might be more at risk or have different exposure patterns to Leptospira.

Significance and Implications

  • The presence of antibodies against pathogenic Leptospira in apparently healthy domestic animals highlights their role as sentinels—indicators of the risk of leptospirosis in the environment.
  • These findings underscore the need for enhanced epidemiological surveillance to monitor and control zoonotic diseases effectively.
  • Improved awareness and the development of specific prevention strategies for leptospirosis transmission are crucial, especially in regions where domestic animals and humans interact closely.

Cite This Article

APA
Azócar-Aedo L, Meniconi G, Pino-Olguín C, Gallardo M. (2025). Seropositivity for Pathogenic Leptospira in Dogs, Cats, and Horses at a Teaching Veterinary Hospital in Southern Chile. Trop Med Infect Dis, 10(9), 253. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10090253

Publication

Tropical medicine and infectious disease
ISSN: 2414-6366
NlmUniqueID: 101709042
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 9
PII: 253

Researcher Affiliations

Azócar-Aedo, Lucía
  • Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede de la Patagonia, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile.
Meniconi, Gloria
  • Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede de la Patagonia, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile.
Pino-Olguín, Carolina
  • Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede de la Patagonia, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile.
Gallardo, María
  • Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor, Campus Huechuraba, Santiago 8580000, Chile.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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