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Home / Equine Research Bank / Viruses / Seroprevalence of Equine Influenza Virus Antibodies in Horse...
Viruses2025; 17(7); 999; doi: 10.3390/v17070999

Seroprevalence of Equine Influenza Virus Antibodies in Horses from Four Localities in Colombia.

Abstract: Equine influenza is a highly contagious disease caused by the equine influenza virus (EIV). The occurrence of EIV outbreaks in America is associated with low levels of vaccination coverage. In Colombia, no seroprevalence evaluation has been carried out to estimate the distribution of the virus within the country. Our aim was to perform a sero-epidemiological survey of equine influenza infections and to identify associated risk factors in horses from four departments of Colombia. Serological testing was carried out by using an ELISA for the detection of IgG antibodies against the influenza A virus. The evaluation of epidemiological variables, clinical manifestations, and vaccination history was carried out through the application of a data collection instrument. Among the 385 horses analyzed, 27% of the samples tested positive, with a higher prevalence in Study 1 from horses with respiratory symptoms (40.4%) than in Study 2 from horses without clinical signs (16.1%). Only horses housed in stables had higher odds of testing positive. The study also revealed that unvaccinated horses were 68% less likely to test positive than vaccinated horses were. This research highlights a significant gap in vaccination coverage and the presence of antibodies even in asymptomatic horses. Management factors such as activity type and housing should be considered when strategies for EIV prevention are developed.
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Publication Date: 2025-07-16 PubMed ID: 40733615PubMed Central: PMC12299346DOI: 10.3390/v17070999Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The article focuses on research conducted on the prevalence of equine influenza virus (EIV) antibodies in horses in four localities of Colombia, also examining the correlation between different factors like housing conditions and vaccination history with the presence of the virus.

Research objectives and methods

  • The research aimed to conduct a sero-epidemiological survey to assess the distribution and prevalence of Equine Influenza Infections in horses across four different departments in Colombia.
  • Another objective was to identify risk factors associated with the virus’ presence. This understanding can help develop effective strategies for EIV prevention.
  • The method utilized for serological testing was an ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay) test. It is used for detecting IgG (Immunoglobulin G) antibodies against the influenza A virus in the horses.
  • An evaluation of epidemiological variables, clinical manifestations, and vaccination history was carried out through a data collection instrument. This enabled structured and efficient gathering of important information from the subjects.

Research findings

  • A total of 385 horses were tested in the study. It was observed that 27% of the total samples tested positive for the virus.
  • Two studies were carried out. In Study 1, the test subjects were horses with respiratory symptoms, where it was found that 40.4% of samples were positive. In contrast, Study 2 included horses without any clinical signs, showing a lower prevalence of 16.1% in test results.
  • It was found that horses which were kept in stables had a higher likelihood of testing positive compared to those in other settings.
  • The research evidently showed that unvaccinated horses were 68% less likely to test positive for EIV as compared to vaccinated horses.

Conclusions and implications

  • The research highlights a significant lack of vaccination coverage among horses in the surveyed areas.
  • The presence of antibodies was found even in asymptomatic horses. This suggests that EIV may be more widespread than perceived, and not merely confined to symptomatic horses.
  • Consequently, the research suggests that the type of activity and housing conditions should be taken into consideration while designing and applying preventive strategies against EIV. It also underscores the need for the increased vaccination of horses to control and prevent the spread of Equine Influenza.

Cite This Article

APA
Gonzalez-Obando J, Jaimes-Dueñez J, Zuluaga-Cabrera A, Forero JE, Diaz A, Rojas-Arbeláez C, Ruiz-Saenz J. (2025). Seroprevalence of Equine Influenza Virus Antibodies in Horses from Four Localities in Colombia. Viruses, 17(7), 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17070999

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 17
Issue: 7
PII: 999

Researcher Affiliations

Gonzalez-Obando, Juliana
  • Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia.
  • Grupo de Epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
Jaimes-Dueñez, Jeiczon
  • Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia.
Zuluaga-Cabrera, Angélica
  • Grupo de Investigación GISCA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Fundación Universitaria Vision de las Américas, Medellín 050031, Colombia.
Forero, Jorge E
  • Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología Ambiental, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
Diaz, Andrés
  • Pig Improvement Company, Hendersonville, TN 37075, USA.
Rojas-Arbeláez, Carlos
  • Grupo de Epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
Ruiz-Saenz, Julian
  • Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Colombia / epidemiology
  • Seroepidemiologic Studies
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
  • Immunoglobulin G / blood
  • Male
  • Female
  • Vaccination / veterinary
  • Risk Factors
  • Influenza Vaccines / immunology
  • Influenza Vaccines / administration & dosage

Grant Funding

  • INV2623 to J.R.-S. / CONADI-UCC

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest. Author Andrés Diaz was employed by Pig Improvement Company (PIC). The funders or PIC had no role in the study design, interpretation, writing, or the decision to publish the results.

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