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Microorganisms2025; 13(4); 771; doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13040771

Seroprevalence of IgG Antibodies Against Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) Virus in Horses in Southern Norway.

Abstract: ticks play a crucial role as carriers of diseases, transmitting pathogens to vertebrate hosts, including horses. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against sensu lato (s. l.), , and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE-virus) in equine sera collected in southern Norway. In total, sera from 331 horses stabled in four counties (Agder, Vestfold and Telemark, Vestland, and Viken) were analyzed by immunoblot. In total, 66% of the horses were IgG-seropositive for antibodies against one or multiple tick-borne pathogens. The highest seroprevalence was detected against s. l. (47%), followed by (34%) and TBE-virus (10%). A significant difference between the counties regarding IgG antibodies against was found, with the highest seroprevalence in horses stabled in the coastal areas of Agder and Vestland. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that horses in southern Norway are at high risk of contracting tick-borne infections.
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Publication Date: 2025-03-28 PubMed ID: 40284608PubMed Central: PMC12029606DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13040771Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This study analyzed how common certain tick-borne infections are in horses from southern Norway by testing their blood for antibodies against the pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE virus).
  • The research found a high prevalence of antibodies indicating widespread exposure to these pathogens among horses in the region, with variation by geographic area.

Background

  • Ticks are vectors that carry and transmit multiple pathogens to vertebrate hosts, including horses.
  • Common tick-borne pathogens affecting horses include:
    • Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.): the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease.
    • Anaplasma phagocytophilum: causes granulocytic anaplasmosis.
    • Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus: a viral infection that can affect the nervous system.
  • Understanding seroprevalence—the proportion of individuals with antibodies—in horses helps assess the risk of infection and informs preventive measures.

Study Design and Methods

  • Samples collected: 331 serum samples from horses kept in four counties in southern Norway—Agder, Vestfold and Telemark, Vestland, and Viken.
  • Analysis technique: Immunoblot assay was used to detect IgG antibodies against the three tick-borne pathogens.
  • IgG antibodies indicate past exposure or infection, not necessarily current active disease.

Key Findings

  • Overall, 66% of horses had IgG antibodies against one or more of the tested tick-borne pathogens, indicating high exposure rates.
  • Seroprevalence rates for individual pathogens were:
    • Borrelia burgdorferi s.l.: 47% of horses were seropositive.
    • Anaplasma phagocytophilum: 34% seropositive.
    • TBE virus: 10% seropositive.
  • Geographical variation was noted:
    • Significant differences in Borrelia seroprevalence between counties.
    • The highest Borrelia antibody prevalence was seen in horses from coastal counties Agder and Vestland, areas likely with higher tick exposure.

Conclusions and Implications

  • Horses in southern Norway are frequently exposed to multiple tick-borne pathogens.
  • The high seroprevalence emphasizes the need for heightened awareness and preventive efforts against tick infestations and tick-borne diseases in equine populations in this region.
  • Regional differences suggest that environmental factors such as proximity to coastlines influence tick activity and pathogen transmission risk.
  • Veterinarians and horse owners should consider these risks when managing horse health and when deciding on tick control strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Kloster H, Stormo C, Haaland AH, Stuen S, Kjelland V. (2025). Seroprevalence of IgG Antibodies Against Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) Virus in Horses in Southern Norway. Microorganisms, 13(4), 771. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040771

Publication

Microorganisms
ISSN: 2076-2607
NlmUniqueID: 101625893
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
PII: 771

Researcher Affiliations

Kloster, Hanne
  • Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Agder, 4630 Kristiansand, Norway.
Stormo, Camilla
  • Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Agder, 4630 Kristiansand, Norway.
Haaland, Anita Haug
  • Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Aas, Norway.
  • Norwegian Food Safety Authority, Head Office, 0170 Oslo, Norway.
Stuen, Snorre
  • Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Science, 4325 Sandnes, Norway.
Kjelland, Vivian
  • Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Agder, 4630 Kristiansand, Norway.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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