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Parasite (Paris, France)2017; 24; 14; doi: 10.1051/parasite/2017015

Seroprevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses in Spain.

Abstract: Equine piroplasmoses are enzootic parasitic diseases distributed worldwide with high incidence in tropical and subtropical regions. In Spain, there is insufficient epidemiological data about equine piroplasmoses. The main aim of the present study was therefore to estimate the prevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in five regions and obtain information about the risk factors. This study was conducted in the central and south-western regions of Spain, using indirect fluorescence antibody testing (IFAT) in 3,100 sera samples from apparently healthy horses of different ages, breeds, coat colours, genders and geographical locations. The overall seroprevalence was 52%, consisting of 44% seropositive for T. equi and 21% for B. caballi. There was a significant association between age (p < 0.0001), breed (p < 0.004), geographical location (p < 0.0001) and the seroprevalence, but neither the coat colour nor the gender was significantly associated with prevalence. In addition, it was proved that most of the geographic areas showed a moderate to high prevalence. The statistical κ value was used to compare the results obtained by the IFAT and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) utilised to test some samples (n = 108) and showed a higher concordance for T. equi (κ = 0.68) than for B. caballi (κ = 0.22). Consequently, this revealed the importance of developing an appropriate technique to detect each haemoparasite. Les piroplasmoses équines sont des parasitoses enzootiques cosmopolites qui existent surtout dans les régions tropicales et subtropicales. En Espagne, peu de données épidémiologiques sont disponibles sur les piroplasmoses équines. Ainsi, le principal objectif de la présente étude a été d’estimer la séroprévalence de l’infection par Theileria equi et Babesia caballi dans cinq régions et obtenir des informations sur les facteurs de risque. Cette étude a été menée dans les régions du centre et du sud-ouest de l’Espagne en utilisant le test d’immunofluorescence indirecte (IFI) sur un échantillon de 3100 sérums de chevaux apparemment sains de différents âges, races, robes, sexe et origines géographiques. La séroprévalence globale était de 52 %, y compris 44 % séropositifs pour T. equi et 21 % pour B. caballi. Il y avait une association significative entre l’âge (p < 0.0001), la race (p < 0.004), la localisation géographique (p < 0.0001) et la séroprévalence. Cependant, ni la couleur du pelage ni le sexe n’avaient de corrélation significative avec la séroprévalence. En outre, la plupart des régions étaient dans un état de prévalence modérée à élevée. Le coefficient de concordance κ a été utilisé pour comparer les résultats obtenus par IFI et cELISA pour tester 108 échantillons, et a montré une concordance plus élevée pour T. equi (κ = 0.68) que pour B. caballi (κ = 0.22). Cela démontre l’importance de développer une technique appropriée pour détecter chaque hémoparasite.
© M.G. Montes Cortés et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2017.
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Publication Date: 2017-05-12 PubMed ID: 28497743PubMed Central: PMC5432961DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2017015Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This study investigates the prevalence of parasites Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses across different Spanish regions, finding a 52% prevalence overall. Factors such as age, breed, and geographical location significantly affected prevalence rates.

Research Background

  • Equine piroplasmoses are parasitic diseases that occur worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The study focuses on Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, two parasites causing these diseases. In Spain, there has been a lack of data on them.

Research Aims and Methods

  • The study’s main goal was to determine the prevalence of T. equi and B. caballi in five of Spain’s regions and identify risk factors.
  • It analyzed 3,100 sera samples from seemingly healthy horses of various ages, breeds, coats, genders, and geographical areas using an indirect fluorescence antibody testing (IFAT). Some samples were also evaluated using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA).

Findings

  • The overall seroprevalence was 52%, with 44% of the samples testing positive for T. equi and 21% for B. caballi.
  • There was a significant association between prevalence and age, breed, and geographical location. Neither the coat color nor the gender of the horses had a significant correlation with the prevalence of these parasites.
  • Most geographic areas showed moderate to high prevalence of these infections.
  • The study also compared the results derived from IFAT and cELISA techniques, finding a higher concordance for T. equi (κ = 0.68) than for B. caballi (κ = 0.22), highlighting the need for a suitable detection technique for each parasite.

Cite This Article

APA
Montes Cortés MG, Fernández-García JL, Habela Martínez-Estéllez MÁ. (2017). Seroprevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses in Spain. Parasite, 24, 14. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2017015

Publication

Parasite (Paris, France)
ISSN: 1776-1042
NlmUniqueID: 9437094
Country: France
Language: English
Volume: 24
Pages: 14

Researcher Affiliations

Montes Cortés, Maria Guadalupe
  • Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain.
Fernández-García, José Luis
  • Genetics and Animal Breeding, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain.
Habela Martínez-Estéllez, Miguel Ángel
  • Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain.

MeSH Terms

  • Age Factors
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Protozoan / blood
  • Babesia / immunology
  • Babesiosis / epidemiology
  • Babesiosis / parasitology
  • Breeding
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
  • Female
  • Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Risk Factors
  • Seroepidemiologic Studies
  • Spain / epidemiology
  • Theileria / immunology
  • Theileriasis / epidemiology
  • Theileriasis / parasitology

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