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Home / Equine Research Bank / Viruses / Severe Neurologic Disease in a Horse Caused by Tick-Borne En...
Viruses2023; 15(10); doi: 10.3390/v15102022

Severe Neurologic Disease in a Horse Caused by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus, Austria, 2021.

Abstract: As evidenced by sero-epidemiological studies, infections of horses with the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) occur frequently in TBEV-endemic areas. However, there are only very few reports of clinical cases. A possible underreporting may be due to a variety of diagnostic challenges. In this study, ELISA and neutralization tests were applied to serum samples. Brain tissue samples were investigated for the presence of nucleic acids of TBEV, Equid alphaherpesvirus 1, Borna disease virus 1, West Nile and Usutu viruses, rustrela virus, as well as Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses with RT-qPCR, RT-PCR, and qPCR, respectively. TBEV-specific amplification products were subjected to Sanger sequencing. In addition, a direct fluorescent antibody test for rabies was performed. Clinical and patho-histological findings are reported. Using specific RT-qPCR and RT-PCR assays, TBEV nucleic acids were demonstrated in brain tissue samples. Sequencing revealed the Western (formerly Central) European subtype of TBEV as the etiological agent. A high titer of TBEV-specific neutralizing antibodies was found in the serum. RNAscope in situ hybridization revealed TBEV RNA confined to neuronal cell bodies and processes. No other pathogens or nucleic acids thereof could be detected. Diagnostic procedures need to be carried out early after the onset of neurological signs to allow for a final etiological diagnosis of acute TBEV infections in horses.
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Publication Date: 2023-09-29 PubMed ID: 37896799PubMed Central: PMC10611255DOI: 10.3390/v15102022Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates a severe neurological disease in a horse caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Austria. The findings indicate that early diagnosis procedures could help detect and manage acute TBEV infections in horses.

Background

  • The virus responsible for the affliction is TBEV, which is commonly found in horse populations in TBEV-endemic regions, as shown in previous sero-epidemiological research.
  • The relative infrequency of reported clinical cases could be due in part to a variety of diagnostic challenges, suggesting a potential unreliability of numbers.

Methodology

  • Various tests including ELISA and neutralization tests were used on the serum samples collected.
  • The researchers evaluated brain tissue samples for the presence of multiple viruses, including TBEV, Borna disease virus 1, West Nile and Usutu viruses, rusprela virus, as well as Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses.
  • These investigations employed RT-qPCR, RT-PCR, and qPCR techniques, and TBEV-specific amplification products were then subjected to Sanger sequencing.
  • A direct fluorescent antibody test for rabies was also performed as part of this comprehensive suite of diagnostic procedures.

Findings

  • Through the tests administered, TBEV nucleic acids were found in brain tissue samples, identifying the Western (formerly Central) European subtype of TBEV as the causative agent of the observed neurological disease.
  • A high concentration of TBEV-specific neutralizing antibodies was found in the serum samples of the affected horse.
  • RNAscope in situ hybridization revealed TBEV RNA confined to neuronal cell bodies and processes, providing a deeper understanding of how TBEV affects the neurological system in horses.
  • The research did not find any traces of other pathogens or their nucleic acids in the examined samples.

Implications

  • The findings underscore the necessity of developing an early diagnostic procedure to identify acute TBEV infections in horses.
  • Such a procedure could potentially mitigate the severity and spread of this neurological disease, leading to improved equine health management in TBEV-endemic areas.

Cite This Article

APA
de Heus P, Bagó Z, Weidinger P, Lale D, Trachsel DS, Revilla-Fernández S, Matiasek K, Nowotny N. (2023). Severe Neurologic Disease in a Horse Caused by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus, Austria, 2021. Viruses, 15(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/v15102022

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 10

Researcher Affiliations

de Heus, Phebe
  • Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Bagó, Zoltán
  • Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Mödling, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety Ltd. (AGES), Robert Koch-Gasse 17, 2340 Mödling, Austria.
Weidinger, Pia
  • Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Lale, Dilara
  • Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Trachsel, Dagmar S
  • Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Revilla-Fernández, Sandra
  • Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Mödling, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety Ltd. (AGES), Robert Koch-Gasse 17, 2340 Mödling, Austria.
Matiasek, Kaspar
  • Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 23, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Nowotny, Norbert
  • Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
  • Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Building 14, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne / genetics
  • Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / diagnosis
  • Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / epidemiology
  • Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / veterinary
  • Austria / epidemiology
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Nucleic Acids

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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