Specificity of serum neutralizing antibodies induced by transient immune suppression of inapparent carrier ponies infected with a neutralization-resistant equine infectious anemia virus envelope strain.
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
This research article investigates the effect of temporary immune suppression on horses infected with a resistant strain of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), focusing specifically on the development of serum neutralizing antibodies.
Summary of the Study
The study kicks off from previous findings that a brief period of corticosteroid-induced immune suppression in horses infected with a resistant variant of EIAV, identified as EIAV(DeltaPND), led to the production of type-specific serum antibodies against the infecting virus. To build on this, the current research aimed to understand whether this generation of neutralizing antibodies resulted from changes in:
- The specific aspects of the envelope determinants recognized by the serum antibodies, or
- The nature of the antibodies that recognize the surface envelope gp90 V3 and V4 neutralizing determinants of the virus.
Methodology and Findings
The researchers addressed their study’s question by mapping the envelope determinants of post-immune suppression serum neutralization. The results revealed that the post-immune suppression serum antibodies sensitized neutralization to the gp90 V3 and V4 domains of the surface envelope, either individually or together.
Interpretation of Results
The conclusion drawn from these findings is that the development of neutralizing antibodies against the resistant EIAV(DeltaPND) is attributed to an enhancement in the host’s antibody responses. This enhancement is brought on by the temporary immune suppression and the consequent increase in virus replication.
In simpler terms, the transient singling down of the horse’s immune system, paired with a boost in virus spread, directly influences the body’s production of antibodies that can neutralize the virus. This discovery is particularly significant for managing cases where the infecting virus is resistant to neutralization, as is the EIAV(DeltaPND) strain in this study.
Cite This Article
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, W1144 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, W1144 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Animals, Outbred Strains
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Carrier State / blood
- Carrier State / veterinary
- Equine Infectious Anemia / blood
- Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
- Glycoproteins / genetics
- Glycoproteins / immunology
- Horses
- Immunocompromised Host / immunology
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neutralization Tests
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Sequence Alignment
- Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins / immunology
Grant Funding
- R01 AI25850 / NIAID NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Craigo JK, Montelaro RC. Lessons in AIDS vaccine development learned from studies of equine infectious, anemia virus infection and immunity.. Viruses 2013 Dec 2;5(12):2963-76.
- Craigo JK, Ezzelarab C, Cook SJ, Chong L, Horohov D, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Envelope determinants of equine lentiviral vaccine protection.. PLoS One 2013;8(6):e66093.
- Craigo JK, Ezzelarab C, Montelaro RC. Development of a high throughput, semi-automated, infectious center cell-based ELISA for equine infectious anemia virus.. J Virol Methods 2012 Nov;185(2):221-7.
- Taylor SD, Leib SR, Carpenter S, Mealey RH. Selection of a rare neutralization-resistant variant following passive transfer of convalescent immune plasma in equine infectious anemia virus-challenged SCID horses.. J Virol 2010 Jul;84(13):6536-48.
- Tagmyer TL, Craigo JK, Cook SJ, Even DL, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Envelope determinants of equine infectious anemia virus vaccine protection and the effects of sequence variation on immune recognition.. J Virol 2008 Apr;82(8):4052-63.
- Craigo JK, Zhang B, Barnes S, Tagmyer TL, Cook SJ, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Envelope variation as a primary determinant of lentiviral vaccine efficacy.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007 Sep 18;104(38):15105-10.
