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The Journal of physiology2003; 554(Pt 3); 791-801; doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.054809

Structural changes in loaded equine tendons can be monitored by a novel spectroscopic technique.

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the preferential collagen fibril alignment in unloaded and loaded tendons using elastic scattering spectroscopy. The device consisted of an optical probe, a pulsed light source (320-860 nm), a spectrometer and a PC. Two probes with either 2.75 mm or 300 microm source-detector separations were used to monitor deep and superficial layers, respectively. Equine superficial digital flexor tendons were subjected to ex vivo progressive tensional loading. Seven times more backscattered light was detected parallel rather than perpendicular to the tendon axis with the 2.75 mm separation probe in unloaded tendons. In contrast, using the 300 microm separation probe the plane of maximum backscatter (3-fold greater) was perpendicular to the tendon axis. There was no optical anisotropy in the cross-sectional plane of the tendon (i.e. the transversely cut tendon surface), with no structural anisotropy. During mechanical loading (9-14% strain) backscatter anisotropy increased 8.5- to 18.5-fold along the principal strain axis for 2.75 mm probe separation, but almost disappeared in the perpendicular plane (measured using the 300 microm probe separation). Optical (anisotropy) and mechanical (strain) measurements were highly correlated. We conclude that spatial anisotropy of backscattered light can be used for quantitative monitoring of collagen fibril alignment and tissue reorganization during loading, with the potential for minimally invasive real-time structural monitoring of fibrous tissues in normal, pathological or repairing tissues and in tissue engineering.
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Publication Date: 2003-10-24 PubMed ID: 14578479PubMed Central: PMC1664808DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.054809Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study explores a new spectroscopic technique for tracking structural changes in loaded equine tendons. Re-searchers used an optical probe to monitor the alignment of collagen fibrils in tendons under static and dynamic conditions. The results suggest that this technique could potentially be used for real-time, non-invasive monitoring of fibrous tissue structures during normal, pathological, or repairing stages, as well as in tissue engineering.

Methods

  • The researchers used a device with an optical probe, a pulsed light source, a spectrometer, and a personal computer.
  • They deployed two probes with varying source-detector separations to monitor both deep and superficial layers.
  • Equine superficial digital flexor tendons were subjected to ex vivo progressive tensional loading to mimic the stress conditions experienced by tendons during physical activity.

Key Findings

  • Among unloaded tendons, if probed with a 2.75 mm separation, seven times more backscattered light was detected parallel to the tendon axis. In contrast, using a 300 micrometer separation probe, maximum backscatter (3-fold greater) was perpendicular to the tendon axis.
  • No optical anisotropy was found in the cross-sectional plane of the tendon. Additionally, there was no observed structural anisotropy.
  • During a mechanical strain of 9-14%, the backscatter anisotropy increased significantly along the principal strain axis with the 2.75 mm probe. However, it almost disappeared when measured using the 300 micrometer probe.
  • Their findings revealed a strong correlation between optical measurements (anisotropy) and mechanical strain measurements.

Conclusions

  • The manipulation and variation of the source-detector separations probe allowed researchers to analyze deep and superficial layers, suggesting possible applications in multiple tensile layers.
  • This study established that the spatial anisotropy of backscattered light can be used for quantitative monitoring of collagen fibril alignment and tissue reorganization during loading. This points to the potential for this technique to be used in non-invasive monitoring of fibrous tissues.
  • The method holds promise for application in various scenarios involving normal, pathological, or repairing tissues, as well as in the field of tissue engineering.

Cite This Article

APA
Kostyuk O, Birch HL, Mudera V, Brown RA. (2003). Structural changes in loaded equine tendons can be monitored by a novel spectroscopic technique. J Physiol, 554(Pt 3), 791-801. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2003.054809

Publication

The Journal of physiology
ISSN: 0022-3751
NlmUniqueID: 0266262
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 554
Issue: Pt 3
Pages: 791-801

Researcher Affiliations

Kostyuk, Oksana
  • University College London, Tissue Repair and Engineering Centre, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, RNOH Campus, Brockley Hill, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK. rehkrab@ucl.ac.uk
Birch, Helen L
    Mudera, Vivek
      Brown, Robert A

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Anisotropy
        • Fiber Optic Technology
        • Horses / anatomy & histology
        • Horses / physiology
        • Light
        • Optics and Photonics
        • Reference Values
        • Scattering, Radiation
        • Tendons / physiology
        • Tendons / ultrastructure
        • Weight-Bearing / physiology

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        Citations

        This article has been cited 4 times.
        1. Hamandi F, Goswami T. Hierarchical Structure and Properties of the Bone at Nano Level. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022 Nov 10;9(11).
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