FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Allergy / Structural similarities of human and mammalian lipocalins, a...
Allergy2015; 71(3); 286-294; doi: 10.1111/all.12797

Structural similarities of human and mammalian lipocalins, and their function in innate immunity and allergy.

Abstract: Owners and their domestic animals via skin shedding and secretions, mutually exchange microbiomes, potential pathogens and innate immune molecules. Among the latter especially lipocalins are multifaceted: they may have an immunomodulatory function and, furthermore, they represent one of the most important animal allergen families. The amino acid identities, as well as their structures by superposition modeling were compared among human lipocalins, hLCN1 and hLCN2, and most important animal lipocalin allergens, such as Can f 1, Can f 2 and Can f 4 from dog, Fel d 4 from cats, Bos d 5 from cow's milk, Equ c 1 from horses, and Mus m 1 from mice, all of them representing major allergens. The β-barrel fold with a central molecular pocket is similar among human and animal lipocalins. Thereby, lipocalins are able to transport a variety of biological ligands in their highly conserved calyx-like cavity, among them siderophores with the strongest known capability to complex iron (Fe(3+) ). Levels of human lipocalins are elevated in nonallergic inflammation and cancer, associated with innate immunoregulatory functions that critically depend on ligand load. Accordingly, deficient loading of lipocalin allergens establishes their capacity to induce Th2 hypersensitivity. Our similarity analysis of human and mammalian lipocalins highlights their function in innate immunity and allergy.
© 2015 The Authors. Allergy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2015-11-23 PubMed ID: 26497994PubMed Central: PMC4949658DOI: 10.1111/all.12797Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article presents a comparative analysis of human and mammalian lipocalins, focusing on their structure and role in immune response and allergic reactions. The findings of the study highlight the multifunctional nature of lipocalins, their essential role in carrying biological ligands, and how their deficient loading can induce hypersensitivity.

Understanding Lipocalins

  • Lipocalins are proteins that play multiple roles in both humans and animals. They are involved in the immune response system – particularly innate immunity – and are a key component of allergies.
  • These proteins can be exchanged between humans and their domestic animals through skin shedding and secretions, thereby affecting both the human and animal microbiomes.

Comparative Analysis of Human and Animal Lipocalins

  • The research involves a comparison of the amino acid identities and structures of human lipocalins (hLCN1 and hLCN2) and several major animal allergens: Can f 1, Can f 2, and Can f 4 from dogs; Fel d 4 from cats; Bos d 5 from cow’s milk; Equ c 1 from horses; and Mus m 1 from mice.
  • The β-barrel fold, a key structural aspect of lipocalins, displayed similarity across both human and animal proteins. This feature allows the protein to transport a variety of biological ligands.

Role of Lipocalins in Immune Response and Allergies

  • Lipocalins carry diverse biological ligands within their highly conserved, calyx-like cavity. Among these ligands are siderophores, known for their strong affinity with iron (Fe(3+)).
  • In nonallergic inflammation and cancer, human lipocalin levels are found to be elevated. This elevation is associated with innate immune regulatory functions which are heavily dependent on ligand load.
  • When lipocalin allergens are not sufficiently loaded, they can induce a Th2 hypersensitivity – an overactive immune response often associated with allergic reactions.

Conclusions

  • This research emphasizes the importance of lipocalins in the innate immune system and the onset of allergies. The structural similarities between human and mammalian lipocalins suggest potential avenues for studying and treating allergies triggered by animal lipocalin allergens.

Cite This Article

APA
Jensen-Jarolim E, Pacios LF, Bianchini R, Hofstetter G, Roth-Walter F. (2015). Structural similarities of human and mammalian lipocalins, and their function in innate immunity and allergy. Allergy, 71(3), 286-294. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12797

Publication

Allergy
ISSN: 1398-9995
NlmUniqueID: 7804028
Country: Denmark
Language: English
Volume: 71
Issue: 3
Pages: 286-294

Researcher Affiliations

Jensen-Jarolim, E
  • The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Pacios, L F
  • Biotechnology Department, Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, ETSI Montes, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
  • Department of Natural Systems and Resources, ETSI Montes, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Bianchini, R
  • The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Hofstetter, G
  • The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Roth-Walter, F
  • The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

MeSH Terms

  • Allergens / chemistry
  • Allergens / immunology
  • Allergens / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Hypersensitivity / immunology
  • Hypersensitivity / metabolism
  • Immune Tolerance
  • Immunity, Innate
  • Immunoglobulin E / immunology
  • Immunomodulation
  • Lipocalins / chemistry
  • Lipocalins / immunology
  • Lipocalins / metabolism
  • Protein Conformation
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Th2 Cells / immunology
  • Th2 Cells / metabolism

Grant Funding

  • F 4606 / Austrian Science Fund FWF

References

This article includes 87 references
  1. Chu DK, Jimenez-Saiz R, Verschoor CP, Walker TD, Goncharova S, Llop-Guevara A, Shen P, Gordon ME, Barra NG, Bassett JD, Kong J, Fattouh R, McCoy KD, Bowdish DM, Erjefält JS, Pabst O, Humbles AA, Kolbeck R, Waserman S, Jordana M. Indigenous enteric eosinophils control DCs to initiate a primary Th2 immune response in vivo.. J Exp Med 2014 Jul 28;211(8):1657-72.
    pmc: PMC4113937pubmed: 25071163doi: 10.1084/jem.20131800google scholar: lookup
  2. Khodoun MV, Orekhova T, Potter C, Morris S, Finkelman FD. Basophils initiate IL-4 production during a memory T-dependent response.. J Exp Med 2004 Oct 4;200(7):857-70.
    pmc: PMC2213291pubmed: 15466620doi: 10.1084/jem.20040598google scholar: lookup
  3. Camelo A, Barlow JL, Drynan LF, Neill DR, Ballantyne SJ, Wong SH, Pannell R, Gao W, Wrigley K, Sprenkle J, McKenzie AN. Blocking IL-25 signalling protects against gut inflammation in a type-2 model of colitis by suppressing nuocyte and NKT derived IL-13.. J Gastroenterol 2012 Nov;47(11):1198-211.
    pmc: PMC3501170pubmed: 22539101doi: 10.1007/s00535-012-0591-2google scholar: lookup
  4. Byers DE, Holtzman MJ. Alternatively activated macrophages and airway disease.. Chest 2011 Sep;140(3):768-774.
    pmc: PMC3168852pubmed: 21896520doi: 10.1378/chest.10-2132google scholar: lookup
  5. Tanaka S, Tsukada J, Suzuki W, Hayashi K, Tanigaki K, Tsuji M, Inoue H, Honjo T, Kubo M. The interleukin-4 enhancer CNS-2 is regulated by Notch signals and controls initial expression in NKT cells and memory-type CD4 T cells.. Immunity 2006 Jun;24(6):689-701.
    pubmed: 16782026doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.04.009google scholar: lookup
  6. Salter BM, Oliveria JP, Nusca G, Smith SG, Watson RM, Comeau M, Sehmi R, Gauvreau GM. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin activation of basophils in patients with allergic asthma is IL-3 dependent.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015 Dec;136(6):1636-1644.
    pubmed: 25962901doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.039google scholar: lookup
  7. Stremnitzer C, Manzano-Szalai K, Willensdorfer A, Starkl P, Pieper M, König P, Mildner M, Tschachler E, Reichart U, Jensen-Jarolim E. Papain Degrades Tight Junction Proteins of Human Keratinocytes In Vitro and Sensitizes C57BL/6 Mice via the Skin Independent of its Enzymatic Activity or TLR4 Activation.. J Invest Dermatol 2015 Jul;135(7):1790-1800.
    pmc: PMC4471117pubmed: 25705851doi: 10.1038/jid.2015.58google scholar: lookup
  8. Osterlund C, Grönlund H, Gafvelin G, Bucht A. Non-proteolytic aeroallergens from mites, cat and dog exert adjuvant-like activation of bronchial epithelial cells.. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011;155(2):111-8.
    pubmed: 21196755doi: 10.1159/000318743google scholar: lookup
  9. Breiteneder H. Protein families: implications for allergen nomenclature, standardisation and specific immunotherapy.. Arb Paul Ehrlich Inst Bundesinstitut Impfstoffe Biomed Arzneim Langen Hess 2009;96:249-54; discussion 254-6.
    pubmed: 20799468
  10. Aalberse RC. Mammalian airborne allergens.. Chem Immunol Allergy 2014;100:243-7.
    pubmed: 24925404doi: 10.1159/000358862google scholar: lookup
  11. Wu B, Li C, Du Z, Yao Q, Wu J, Feng L, Zhang P, Li S, Xu L, Li E. Network based analyses of gene expression profile of LCN2 overexpression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.. Sci Rep 2014 Jun 23;4:5403.
    pmc: PMC4066265pubmed: 24954627doi: 10.1038/srep05403google scholar: lookup
  12. Morris DO. Human allergy to environmental pet danders: a public health perspective.. Vet Dermatol 2010 Oct;21(5):441-9.
    pubmed: 20374569doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00882.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  13. Bjerg A, Winberg A, Berthold M, Mattsson L, Borres MP, Rönmark E. A population-based study of animal component sensitization, asthma, and rhinitis in schoolchildren.. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2015 Sep;26(6):557-63.
    pubmed: 26059105doi: 10.1111/pai.12422google scholar: lookup
  14. Jensen-Jarolim E, Pali-Schöll I, Jensen SA, Robibaro B, Kinaciyan T. Caution: Reptile pets shuttle grasshopper allergy and asthma into homes.. World Allergy Organ J 2015;8(1):24.
    pmc: PMC4538751pubmed: 26322151doi: 10.1186/s40413-015-0072-1google scholar: lookup
  15. Jackson AP, Foster AP, Hart BJ, Helps CR, Shaw SE. Prevalence of house dust mites and dermatophagoides group 1 antigens collected from bedding, skin and hair coat of dogs in south-west England.. Vet Dermatol 2005 Feb;16(1):32-8.
    pubmed: 15725103doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2005.00427.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  16. Jensen-Jarolim E, Einhorn L, Herrmann I, Thalhammer JG, Panakova L. Pollen Allergies in Humans and their Dogs, Cats and Horses: Differences and Similarities.. Clin Transl Allergy 2015;5:15.
    pmc: PMC4387677pubmed: 25852853doi: 10.1186/s13601-015-0059-6google scholar: lookup
  17. Mueller R, Janda J, Jensen‐Jarolim E, Rhyner C, Marti E. Allergens in veterinary medicine. Allergy 2015 Aug 17.
    doi: 10.1111/all.12726google scholar: lookup
  18. Avner DB, Perzanowski MS, Platts-Mills TA, Woodfolk JA. Evaluation of different techniques for washing cats: quantitation of allergen removed from the cat and the effect on airborne Fel d 1.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997 Sep;100(3):307-12.
    pubmed: 9314341doi: 10.1016/s0091-6749(97)70242-2google scholar: lookup
  19. Konradsen JR, Fujisawa T, van Hage M, Hedlin G, Hilger C, Kleine-Tebbe J, Matsui EC, Roberts G, Rönmark E, Platts-Mills TA. Allergy to furry animals: New insights, diagnostic approaches, and challenges.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015 Mar;135(3):616-25.
    pubmed: 25282018doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.026google scholar: lookup
  20. Erwin EA, Woodfolk JA, James HR, Satinover SM, Platts-Mills TA. Changes in cat specific IgE and IgG antibodies with decreased cat exposure.. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014 Jun;112(6):545-550.e1.
    pmc: PMC6892430pubmed: 24726651doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.03.007google scholar: lookup
  21. Lynch SV, Wood RA, Boushey H, Bacharier LB, Bloomberg GR, Kattan M, O'Connor GT, Sandel MT, Calatroni A, Matsui E, Johnson CC, Lynn H, Visness CM, Jaffee KF, Gergen PJ, Gold DR, Wright RJ, Fujimura K, Rauch M, Busse WW, Gern JE. Effects of early-life exposure to allergens and bacteria on recurrent wheeze and atopy in urban children.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014 Sep;134(3):593-601.e12.
    pmc: PMC4151305pubmed: 24908147doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.04.018google scholar: lookup
  22. Tanaka A, Matsuda A, Jung K, Jang H, Ahn G, Ishizaka S, Amagai Y, Oida K, Arkwright PD, Matsuda H. Ultra-pure soft water ameliorates atopic skin disease by preventing metallic soap deposition in NC/Tnd mice and reduces skin dryness in humans.. Acta Derm Venereol 2015 Sep;95(7):787-91.
    pubmed: 25739908doi: 10.2340/00015555-2083google scholar: lookup
  23. Belkaid Y, Segre JA. Dialogue between skin microbiota and immunity.. Science 2014 Nov 21;346(6212):954-9.
    pubmed: 25414304doi: 10.1126/science.1260144google scholar: lookup
  24. Ezell JM, Wegienka G, Havstad S, Ownby DR, Johnson CC, Zoratti EM. A cross-sectional analysis of pet-specific immunoglobulin E sensitization and allergic symptomatology and household pet keeping in a birth cohort population.. Allergy Asthma Proc 2013 Nov-Dec;34(6):504-10.
    pmc: PMC3808752pubmed: 24169057doi: 10.2500/aap.2013.34.3698google scholar: lookup
  25. Medjo B, Atanaskovic-Markovic M, Nikolic D, Spasojevic-Dimitrijeva B, Ivanovski P, Djukic S. Association between pet-keeping and asthma in school children.. Pediatr Int 2013 Apr;55(2):133-7.
    pubmed: 23421334doi: 10.1111/ped.12071google scholar: lookup
  26. Smallwood J, Ownby D. Exposure to dog allergens and subsequent allergic sensitization: an updated review.. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2012 Oct;12(5):424-8.
    pubmed: 22684981doi: 10.1007/s11882-012-0277-0google scholar: lookup
  27. Basagaña M, Bartolome B, Pastor-Vargas C, Mattsson L, Lidholm J, Labrador-Horrillo M. Involvement of Can f 5 in a case of human seminal plasma allergy.. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012;159(2):143-6.
    pubmed: 22653399doi: 10.1159/000336388google scholar: lookup
  28. Mattsson L, Lundgren T, Everberg H, Larsson H, Lidholm J. Prostatic kallikrein: a new major dog allergen.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009 Feb;123(2):362-8.
    pubmed: 19135239doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.11.021google scholar: lookup
  29. Vredegoor DW, Willemse T, Chapman MD, Heederik DJ, Krop EJ. Can f 1 levels in hair and homes of different dog breeds: lack of evidence to describe any dog breed as hypoallergenic.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012 Oct;130(4):904-9.e7.
    pubmed: 22728082doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.013google scholar: lookup
  30. Hilger C, Swiontek K, Kler S, Diederich C, Lehners C, Vogel L, Vieths S, Hentges F. Evaluation of two new recombinant guinea-pig lipocalins, Cav p 2 and Cav p 3, in the diagnosis of guinea-pig allergy.. Clin Exp Allergy 2011 Jun;41(6):899-908.
    pubmed: 21518038doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03726.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  31. Torres JA, de Las Heras M, Maroto AS, Vivanco F, Sastre J, Pastor-Vargas C. Molecular and immunological characterization of the first allergenic lipocalin in hamster: the major allergen from Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus).. J Biol Chem 2014 Aug 22;289(34):23382-8.
    pmc: PMC4156070pubmed: 24993820doi: 10.1074/jbc.m114.579060google scholar: lookup
  32. Valdés JJ. Antihistamine response: a dynamically refined function at the host-tick interface.. Parasit Vectors 2014 Oct 31;7:491.
    pmc: PMC4226919pubmed: 25358914doi: 10.1186/s13071-014-0491-9google scholar: lookup
  33. Schiefner A, Skerra A. The menagerie of human lipocalins: a natural protein scaffold for molecular recognition of physiological compounds.. Acc Chem Res 2015 Apr 21;48(4):976-85.
    pubmed: 25756749doi: 10.1021/ar5003973google scholar: lookup
  34. Nilsson OB, Neimert-Andersson T, Bronge M, Grundström J, Sarma R, Uchtenhagen H, Kikhney A, Sandalova T, Holmgren E, Svergun D, Achour A, van Hage M, Grönlund H. Designing a multimer allergen for diagnosis and immunotherapy of dog allergic patients.. PLoS One 2014;9(10):e111041.
    pmc: PMC4212987pubmed: 25353166doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111041google scholar: lookup
  35. Polovic N, Wadén K, Binnmyr J, Hamsten C, Grönneberg R, Palmberg C, Milcic-Matic N, Bergman T, Grönlund H, van Hage M. Dog saliva - an important source of dog allergens.. Allergy 2013;68(5):585-92.
    pmc: PMC3652036pubmed: 23464525doi: 10.1111/all.12130google scholar: lookup
  36. Song SJ, Lauber C, Costello EK, Lozupone CA, Humphrey G, Berg-Lyons D, Caporaso JG, Knights D, Clemente JC, Nakielny S, Gordon JI, Fierer N, Knight R. Cohabiting family members share microbiota with one another and with their dogs.. Elife 2013 Apr 16;2:e00458.
    pmc: PMC3628085pubmed: 23599893doi: 10.7554/elife.00458google scholar: lookup
  37. Kamata Y, Miyanomae A, Nakayama E, Miyanomae T, Tajima T, Nishimura K, Tada T, Hoshi H. Characterization of dog allergens Can f 1 and Can f 2. 2. A comparison of Can f 1 with Can f 2 regarding their biochemical and immunological properties.. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007;142(4):301-8.
    pubmed: 17135761doi: 10.1159/000097499google scholar: lookup
  38. Konieczny A, Morgenstern JP, Bizinkauskas CB, Lilley CH, Brauer AW, Bond JF, Aalberse RC, Wallner BP, Kasaian MT. The major dog allergens, Can f 1 and Can f 2, are salivary lipocalin proteins: cloning and immunological characterization of the recombinant forms.. Immunology 1997 Dec;92(4):577-86.
    pmc: PMC1364166pubmed: 9497502doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00386.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  39. Mattsson L, Lundgren T, Olsson P, Sundberg M, Lidholm J. Molecular and immunological characterization of Can f 4: a dog dander allergen cross-reactive with a 23 kDa odorant-binding protein in cow dander.. Clin Exp Allergy 2010 Aug;40(8):1276-87.
    pubmed: 20545700doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03533.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  40. Saarelainen S, Taivainen A, Rytkönen-Nissinen M, Auriola S, Immonen A, Mäntyjärvi R, Rautiainen J, Kinnunen T, Virtanen T. Assessment of recombinant dog allergens Can f 1 and Can f 2 for the diagnosis of dog allergy.. Clin Exp Allergy 2004 Oct;34(10):1576-82.
    pubmed: 15479273doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02071.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  41. Rytkönen-Nissinen M, Saarelainen S, Randell J, Häyrinen J, Kalkkinen N, Virtanen T. IgE Reactivity of the Dog Lipocalin Allergen Can f 4 and the Development of a Sandwich ELISA for Its Quantification.. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2015 Jul;7(4):384-92.
    pmc: PMC4446637pubmed: 25749774doi: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.4.384google scholar: lookup
  42. Hilger C, Kuehn A, Hentges F. Animal lipocalin allergens.. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2012 Oct;12(5):438-47.
    pubmed: 22791068doi: 10.1007/s11882-012-0283-2google scholar: lookup
  43. Saarelainen S, Rytkönen-Nissinen M, Rouvinen J, Taivainen A, Auriola S, Kauppinen A, Kinnunen T, Virtanen T. Animal-derived lipocalin allergens exhibit immunoglobulin E cross-reactivity.. Clin Exp Allergy 2008 Feb;38(2):374-81.
    pubmed: 18070162doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02895.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  44. Kamata Y, Miyanomae A, Nakayama E, Miyanomae T, Tajima T, Hoshi H. Characterization of dog allergens Can f 1 and Can f 2. 1. Preparation of their recombinant proteins and antibodies.. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007;142(4):291-300.
    pubmed: 17135760doi: 10.1159/000097498google scholar: lookup
  45. Madhurantakam C, Nilsson OB, Uchtenhagen H, Konradsen J, Saarne T, Högbom E, Sandalova T, Grönlund H, Achour A. Crystal structure of the dog lipocalin allergen Can f 2: implications for cross-reactivity to the cat allergen Fel d 4.. J Mol Biol 2010 Aug 6;401(1):68-83.
    pubmed: 20621650doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.05.043google scholar: lookup
  46. Nilsson OB, Binnmyr J, Zoltowska A, Saarne T, van Hage M, Grönlund H. Characterization of the dog lipocalin allergen Can f 6: the role in cross-reactivity with cat and horse.. Allergy 2012 Jun;67(6):751-7.
    pubmed: 22515174doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02826.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  47. Juntunen R, Liukko A, Taivainen A, Närvänen A, Durand G, Kauppinen A, Nieminen A, Rytkönen-Nissinen M, Saarelainen S, Maillère B, Virtanen T, Kinnunen T. Suboptimal recognition of a T cell epitope of the major dog allergen Can f 1 by human T cells.. Mol Immunol 2009 Oct;46(16):3320-7.
    pubmed: 19700193doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.07.022google scholar: lookup
  48. Liukko AL, Kinnunen TT, Rytkönen-Nissinen MA, Kailaanmäki AH, Randell JT, Maillère B, Virtanen TI. Human CD4+ T cell responses to the dog major allergen Can f 1 and its human homologue tear lipocalin resemble each other.. PLoS One 2014;9(5):e98461.
    pmc: PMC4038554pubmed: 24875388doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098461google scholar: lookup
  49. Rönkä AL, Kinnunen TT, Goudet A, Rytkönen-Nissinen MA, Sairanen J, Kailaanmäki AH, Randell JT, Maillère B, Virtanen TI. Characterization of human memory CD4(+) T-cell responses to the dog allergen Can f 4.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015 Oct;136(4):1047-54.e10.
    pubmed: 25843313doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.02.025google scholar: lookup
  50. Kinnunen T, Taivainen A, Partanen J, Immonen A, Saarelainen S, Rytkönen-Nissinen M, Rautiainen J, Virtanen T. The DR4-DQ8 haplotype and a specific T cell receptor Vbeta T cell subset are associated with absence of allergy to Can f 1.. Clin Exp Allergy 2005 Jun;35(6):797-803.
    pubmed: 15969672doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02247.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  51. Roth-Walter F, Pacios LF, Gomez-Casado C, Hofstetter G, Roth GA, Singer J, Diaz-Perales A, Jensen-Jarolim E. The major cow milk allergen Bos d 5 manipulates T-helper cells depending on its load with siderophore-bound iron.. PLoS One 2014;9(8):e104803.
    pmc: PMC4130594pubmed: 25117976doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104803google scholar: lookup
  52. Roth-Walter F, Gomez-Casado C, Pacios LF, Mothes-Luksch N, Roth GA, Singer J, Diaz-Perales A, Jensen-Jarolim E. Bet v 1 from birch pollen is a lipocalin-like protein acting as allergen only when devoid of iron by promoting Th2 lymphocytes.. J Biol Chem 2014 Jun 20;289(25):17416-21.
    pmc: PMC4067174pubmed: 24798325doi: 10.1074/jbc.m114.567875google scholar: lookup
  53. Stopková R, Dudková B, Hájková P, Stopka P. Complementary roles of mouse lipocalins in chemical communication and immunity.. Biochem Soc Trans 2014 Aug;42(4):893-8.
    pubmed: 25109975doi: 10.1042/bst20140053google scholar: lookup
  54. Xu MJ, Feng D, Wu H, Wang H, Chan Y, Kolls J, Borregaard N, Porse B, Berger T, Mak TW, Cowland JB, Kong X, Gao B. Liver is the major source of elevated serum lipocalin-2 levels after bacterial infection or partial hepatectomy: a critical role for IL-6/STAT3.. Hepatology 2015 Feb;61(2):692-702.
    pmc: PMC4303493pubmed: 25234944doi: 10.1002/hep.27447google scholar: lookup
  55. Sola A, Weigert A, Jung M, Vinuesa E, Brecht K, Weis N, Brüne B, Borregaard N, Hotter G. Sphingosine-1-phosphate signalling induces the production of Lcn-2 by macrophages to promote kidney regeneration.. J Pathol 2011 Dec;225(4):597-608.
    pubmed: 22025214doi: 10.1002/path.2982google scholar: lookup
  56. Asimakopoulou A, Borkham-Kamphorst E, Tacke F, Weiskirchen R. Lipocalin-2 (NGAL/LCN2), a "help-me" signal in organ inflammation.. Hepatology 2016 Feb;63(2):669-71.
    doi: 10.1002/hep.27930pubmed: 26054053google scholar: lookup
  57. Alpízar-Alpízar W, Laerum OD, Illemann M, Ramírez JA, Arias A, Malespín-Bendaña W, Ramírez V, Lund LR, Borregaard N, Nielsen BS. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL/Lcn2) is upregulated in gastric mucosa infected with Helicobacter pylori.. Virchows Arch 2009 Sep;455(3):225-33.
    pubmed: 19727808doi: 10.1007/s00428-009-0825-8google scholar: lookup
  58. Jha MK, Jeon S, Jin M, Lee WH, Suk K. Acute Phase Protein Lipocalin-2 Is Associated with Formalin-induced Nociception and Pathological Pain.. Immune Netw 2013 Dec;13(6):289-94.
    pmc: PMC3875788pubmed: 24385948doi: 10.4110/in.2013.13.6.289google scholar: lookup
  59. Otto GP, Hurtado-Oliveros J, Chung HY, Knoll K, Neumann T, Müller HJ, Herbsleb M, Kohl M, Busch M, Sossdorf M, Claus RA. Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Is Primarily Related to Inflammation during Sepsis: A Translational Approach.. PLoS One 2015;10(4):e0124429.
    pmc: PMC4404058pubmed: 25893429doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124429google scholar: lookup
  60. Shields-Cutler RR, Crowley JR, Hung CS, Stapleton AE, Aldrich CC, Marschall J, Henderson JP. Human Urinary Composition Controls Antibacterial Activity of Siderocalin.. J Biol Chem 2015 Jun 26;290(26):15949-60.
    pmc: PMC4481200pubmed: 25861985doi: 10.1074/jbc.m115.645812google scholar: lookup
  61. Daure E, Belanger MC, Beauchamp G, Lapointe C. Elevation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in non-azotemic dogs with urinary tract infection.. Res Vet Sci 2013 Dec;95(3):1181-5.
    pubmed: 24074691doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.09.002google scholar: lookup
  62. Hsu WL, Lin YS, Hu YY, Wong ML, Lin FY, Lee YJ. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in dogs with naturally occurring renal diseases.. J Vet Intern Med 2014 Mar-Apr;28(2):437-42.
    pmc: PMC4858015pubmed: 24417186doi: 10.1111/jvim.12288google scholar: lookup
  63. Gouweleeuw L, Naudé PJ, Rots M, DeJongste MJ, Eisel UL, Schoemaker RG. The role of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) as biological constituent linking depression and cardiovascular disease.. Brain Behav Immun 2015 May;46:23-32.
    pubmed: 25576802doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.026google scholar: lookup
  64. Candido S, Maestro R, Polesel J, Catania A, Maira F, Signorelli SS, McCubrey JA, Libra M. Roles of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in human cancer.. Oncotarget 2014 Mar 30;5(6):1576-94.
    pmc: PMC4039233pubmed: 24742531doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.1738google scholar: lookup
  65. Ghosh M, Sodhi SS, Kim JH, Kim NE, Mongre RK, Sharma N, Kim SW, Oh SJ, Pulicherla KK, Jeong DK. An Integrated In Silico Approach for the Structural and Functional Exploration of Lipocalin 2 and its Functional Insights with Metalloproteinase 9 and Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 2.. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015 Jun;176(3):712-29.
    pubmed: 25875786doi: 10.1007/s12010-015-1606-2google scholar: lookup
  66. Ruiz-Morales JM, Dorantes-Heredia R, Arrieta O, Chávez-Tapia NC, Motola-Kuba D. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) prognostic value in lung adenocarcinoma.. Tumour Biol 2015 May;36(5):3601-10.
    pubmed: 25542236doi: 10.1007/s13277-014-2997-3google scholar: lookup
  67. Kudo-Saito C, Shirako H, Ohike M, Tsukamoto N, Kawakami Y. CCL2 is critical for immunosuppression to promote cancer metastasis.. Clin Exp Metastasis 2013 Apr;30(4):393-405.
    pubmed: 23143679doi: 10.1007/s10585-012-9545-6google scholar: lookup
  68. Jung M, Mertens C, Brüne B. Macrophage iron homeostasis and polarization in the context of cancer.. Immunobiology 2015 Feb;220(2):295-304.
    pubmed: 25260218doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.09.011google scholar: lookup
  69. Jung M, Weigert A, Tausendschön M, Mora J, Ören B, Sola A, Hotter G, Muta T, Brüne B. Interleukin-10-induced neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin production in macrophages with consequences for tumor growth.. Mol Cell Biol 2012 Oct;32(19):3938-48.
    pmc: PMC3457542pubmed: 22851691doi: 10.1128/mcb.00413-12google scholar: lookup
  70. Jensen-Jarolim E, Achatz G, Turner MC, Karagiannis S, Legrand F, Capron M, Penichet ML, Rodríguez JA, Siccardi AG, Vangelista L, Riemer AB, Gould H. AllergoOncology: the role of IgE-mediated allergy in cancer.. Allergy 2008 Oct;63(10):1255-66.
    pmc: PMC2999743pubmed: 18671772doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01768.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  71. Warszawska JM, Gawish R, Sharif O, Sigel S, Doninger B, Lakovits K, Mesteri I, Nairz M, Boon L, Spiel A, Fuhrmann V, Strobl B, Müller M, Schenk P, Weiss G, Knapp S. Lipocalin 2 deactivates macrophages and worsens pneumococcal pneumonia outcomes.. J Clin Invest 2013 Aug;123(8):3363-72.
    pmc: PMC3726165pubmed: 23863624doi: 10.1172/jci67911google scholar: lookup
  72. Makris K, Kafkas N. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in acute kidney injury.. Adv Clin Chem 2012;58:141-91.
    pubmed: 22950345doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394383-5.00012-6google scholar: lookup
  73. Bao G, Clifton M, Hoette TM, Mori K, Deng SX, Qiu A, Viltard M, Williams D, Paragas N, Leete T, Kulkarni R, Li X, Lee B, Kalandadze A, Ratner AJ, Pizarro JC, Schmidt-Ott KM, Landry DW, Raymond KN, Strong RK, Barasch J. Iron traffics in circulation bound to a siderocalin (Ngal)-catechol complex.. Nat Chem Biol 2010 Aug;6(8):602-9.
    pmc: PMC2907470pubmed: 20581821doi: 10.1038/nchembio.402google scholar: lookup
  74. Singh V, Yeoh BS, Xiao X, Kumar M, Bachman M, Borregaard N, Joe B, Vijay-Kumar M. Interplay between enterobactin, myeloperoxidase and lipocalin 2 regulates E. coli survival in the inflamed gut.. Nat Commun 2015 May 12;6:7113.
    pmc: PMC6336494pubmed: 25964185doi: 10.1038/ncomms8113google scholar: lookup
  75. Holden VI, Lenio S, Kuick R, Ramakrishnan SK, Shah YM, Bachman MA. Bacterial siderophores that evade or overwhelm lipocalin 2 induce hypoxia inducible factor 1α and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in cultured respiratory epithelial cells.. Infect Immun 2014 Sep;82(9):3826-36.
    pmc: PMC4187820pubmed: 24980968doi: 10.1128/iai.01849-14google scholar: lookup
  76. Langelcke C, Roussa E, Fenton RA, Thévenod F. Expression and function of the lipocalin-2 (24p3/NGAL) receptor in rodent and human intestinal epithelia.. PLoS One 2013;8(8):e71586.
    pmc: PMC3734285pubmed: 23940770doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071586google scholar: lookup
  77. Radauer C, Lackner P, Breiteneder H. The Bet v 1 fold: an ancient, versatile scaffold for binding of large, hydrophobic ligands.. BMC Evol Biol 2008 Oct 15;8:286.
    pmc: PMC2577659pubmed: 18922149doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-286google scholar: lookup
  78. Seutter von Loetzen C, Hoffmann T, Hartl MJ, Schweimer K, Schwab W, Rösch P, Hartl-Spiegelhauer O. Secret of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1: identification of the physiological ligand.. Biochem J 2014 Feb 1;457(3):379-90.
    pubmed: 24171862doi: 10.1042/bj20130413google scholar: lookup
  79. Gómez-Casado C, Roth-Walter F, Jensen-Jarolim E, Díaz-Perales A, Pacios LF. Modeling iron-catecholates binding to NGAL protein.. J Mol Graph Model 2013 Sep;45:111-21.
    pubmed: 24018130doi: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2013.08.013google scholar: lookup
  80. Chia WJ, Tan FC, Ong WY, Dawe GS. Expression and localisation of brain-type organic cation transporter (BOCT/24p3R/LCN2R) in the normal rat hippocampus and after kainate-induced excitotoxicity.. Neurochem Int 2015 Aug;87:43-59.
    pubmed: 26004810doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.04.009google scholar: lookup
  81. La Manna G, Ghinatti G, Tazzari PL, Alviano F, Ricci F, Capelli I, Cuna V, Todeschini P, Brunocilla E, Pagliaro P, Bonsi L, Stefoni S. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin increases HLA-G(+)/FoxP3(+) T-regulatory cell population in an in vitro model of PBMC.. PLoS One 2014;9(2):e89497.
    pmc: PMC3937322pubmed: 24586826doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089497google scholar: lookup
  82. Goetz DH, Holmes MA, Borregaard N, Bluhm ME, Raymond KN, Strong RK. The neutrophil lipocalin NGAL is a bacteriostatic agent that interferes with siderophore-mediated iron acquisition.. Mol Cell 2002 Nov;10(5):1033-43.
    pubmed: 12453412doi: 10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00708-6google scholar: lookup
  83. Breustedt DA, Chatwell L, Skerra A. A new crystal form of human tear lipocalin reveals high flexibility in the loop region and induced fit in the ligand cavity.. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2009 Oct;65(Pt 10):1118-25.
    pmc: PMC2756164pubmed: 19770509doi: 10.1107/s0907444909031011google scholar: lookup
  84. Loch J, Polit A, Górecki A, Bonarek P, Kurpiewska K, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M, Lewiński K. Two modes of fatty acid binding to bovine β-lactoglobulin--crystallographic and spectroscopic studies.. J Mol Recognit 2011 Mar-Apr;24(2):341-9.
    pubmed: 21360616doi: 10.1002/jmr.1084google scholar: lookup
  85. Lascombe MB, Grégoire C, Poncet P, Tavares GA, Rosinski-Chupin I, Rabillon J, Goubran-Botros H, Mazié JC, David B, Alzari PM. Crystal structure of the allergen Equ c 1. A dimeric lipocalin with restricted IgE-reactive epitopes.. J Biol Chem 2000 Jul 14;275(28):21572-7.
    pubmed: 10787420doi: 10.1074/jbc.m002854200google scholar: lookup
  86. Niemi MH, Rytkönen-Nissinen M, Jänis J, Virtanen T, Rouvinen J. Structural aspects of dog allergies: the crystal structure of a dog dander allergen Can f 4.. Mol Immunol 2014 Sep;61(1):7-15.
    pubmed: 24859823doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.04.003google scholar: lookup
  87. Böcskei Z, Groom CR, Flower DR, Wright CE, Phillips SE, Cavaggioni A, Findlay JB, North AC. Pheromone binding to two rodent urinary proteins revealed by X-ray crystallography.. Nature 1992 Nov 12;360(6400):186-8.
    pubmed: 1279439doi: 10.1038/360186a0google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,101 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.