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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Survival rates and factors associated with survival and lami...
Equine veterinary journal2023; 56(5); 970-981; doi: 10.1111/evj.14032

Survival rates and factors associated with survival and laminitis of horses with acute diarrhoea admitted to referral institutions.

Abstract: Clinicopathological findings and their association with the outcome and development of laminitis in horses with acute diarrhoea has not been investigated in a multicentre study across different geographic regions. Objective: Describe and compare clinicopathologic findings of diarrhoeic horses between different geographic regions, survival rates and factors associated with non-survival and laminitis. Methods: Multicentre retrospective case series. Methods: Information from horses with acute diarrhoea presenting to participating institutions between 2016 and 2020 was collected, and clinicopathological data were compared between surviving and non-surviving horses and horses that did and did not develop laminitis. Survival rates and seasonal and geographic differences were also investigated. Results: One thousand four hundred thirty-eight horses from 26 participating institutions from 4 continents were included; 76% survived to discharge with no differences identified between geographic regions. The survival proportion of horses with SIRS and creatinine concentrations > 159 μmol/L was 55% (154/279) compared with 81% (358/437) for those with SIRS and creatinine concentrations < 159 μmol/L (p < 0.001). The survival proportion of horses with SIRS that had an L-lactate concentration > 2.8 mmol/L was 59% (175/298) compared with 81% (240/296) in horses with SIRS and L-lactate concentration < 2.8 mmol/L (p < 0.001). The proportion of horses that developed laminitis was lower in Europe (4%, 19/479) compared with North America (8%, 52/619), Australia (8%, 12/138) and Latin America (11%, 16/146) (p < 0.05). More horses developed laminitis in the summer (46%, 39/85) compared with winter (18%, 15/85), spring (18%, 15/85) and fall (19%, 16/85) (p < 0.01). Horses with laminitis had greater odds of non-survival than those without laminitis (OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 2.47-5.65). Conclusions: Not all variables were available for all horses due to the retrospective nature. Conclusions: Clinicopathological findings in horses with acute diarrhoea and their association with survival are similar across geographic regions. However, developing laminitis secondary to diarrhoea is less common in Europe. In addition, factors associated with non-survival were indicative of disease severity and subsequent cardiovascular compromise. Unassigned: Achados clínico‐patológicos e suas associações com o sobrevivência e desenvolvimento de laminite em cavalos com diarreia aguda não foram investigados em um estudo multicêntrico envolvendo diferentes regiões geográficas. Objective: Descrever e comparar achados clínico‐patológicos de cavalos com diarreia em diferentes regiões geográficas, taxa de sobrevivência e fatores associados com mortalidade e laminite. Unassigned: Estudo multicêntrico retrospectivo de série de casos. Methods: Informação sobre equinos com diarreia aguda apresentados às instituições participantes entre 2016 e 2020 foram coletados, e dados clínico‐patológicos foram comparados entre sobreviventes e não‐sobreviventes, e cavalos que desenvolveram ou não laminite. Taxa de sobrevivência, e diferenças sazonais e geográficas também foram investigadas. Results: 1438 cavalos de 26 instituições participantes de 4 continentes foram incluídos; 76% sobreviveram e receberam alta e nenhuma diferença foi observada entre as diferentes regiões geográficas. A proporção de cavalos que sobreviveram com SIRS e concentração de creatinina > 1.8 mg/dL foi 55% (154/279) comparado com 81% (358/437) dos cavalos com SIRS e concentração de creatinina < 1.8 mg/dL (p < 0.001). A proporção de cavalos com SIRS que tinham concentração de L‐lactato > 2.8 mmol que sobreviveram foi 59% (175/298) comparado com 81% (240/296) dos cavalos com SIRS e concentração de L‐lactato < 2.8 mmol/L (p < 0.001). A proporção de cavalos que desenvolveram laminite foi menor na Europa (4%, 19/479) comparado com a América do Norte (8%, 52/619), Austrália (8%, 12/138) e América Latina (11% 16/146) (p < 0.05). Mais cavalos desenvolveram laminite no verão (46%, 39/8) comparado com inverno (18%, 15/85), primavera (18%, 15/85) e outono (19%, 16/85) (p < 0.01). Cavalos com laminite tiveram chances maior de não sobreviver do que aqueles que não desenvolveram laminite (OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 2.47 a 5.65). PRINCIPAIS LIMITAÇÕES: Algumas variáveis não estavam disponíveis para alguns cavalos devido à natureza retrospectiva deste estudo. CONCLUSÕES: Achados clínico‐patológicos em equinos com diarreia aguda e sua associação com sobrevivência é similar entre as diferentes regiões geográficas. Contudo, o desenvolvimento de laminite secundário à diarreia é menos comum na Europa. Além disso, fatores associados com não‐sobrevivência foram indicativos de severidade da doença e subsequente comprometimento cardiovascular.
© 2023 The Authors. Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2023-12-11 PubMed ID: 38083907DOI: 10.1111/evj.14032Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Multicenter Study

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is centered on analysis of survival rates of horses with acute diarrhoea, investigating the influence of factors like geographical areas, seasonal changes, and clinicopathological findings. It tackles the previously unexplored association of these factors with survival rate and occurrence of laminitis in horses suffering from acute diarrhoea.

Research Methodology and Process

  • The researchers conducted a multicentre retrospective case study from 2016 to 2020, gathering data from several institutions across four continents.
  • The study encompassed 1438 horses with acute diarrhoea.
  • Data collected was compared between surviving and non-surviving horses and those that did and did not develop laminitis.
  • Factors like survival rates, season and regional differences were evaluated.
  • Not all variables were available for all horses due to the retrospective nature of the study.

Research Findings and Conclusion

  • Overall, 76% of the examined horses survived to discharge, and there were no identified differences between various geographic regions.
  • With regard to clinicopathological findings, horses with SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) and higher concentrations of creatinine and L-lactate had lower survival rates, indicating disease severity and potential cardiovascular compromise.
  • The ratio of horses developing laminitis (inflammatory disease in the hoof) was found to be lower in Europe as compared to North America, Australia, and Latin America.
  • On the seasonal front, more horses developed laminitis during summer than in winter, spring, and fall.
  • Horses with laminitis were determined to have a higher risk of non-survival than those without laminitis.
  • Moving forward, the association of clinicopathological findings of horses with acute diarrhoea and their survival rate were found to be similar across various geographies. However, the risk of developing laminitis was less common in Europe.

Implications of the Research

  • The findings of this research can serve as an important input for veterinary practitioners to better understand the factors affecting survival and laminitis occurrence in horses suffering acute diarrhoea.
  • It must be noted that not all variables were available for all the horses due to the retrospective nature of the study, but the large sample size and diverse geographical distribution strengthen the conclusions drawn.
  • Further research can build on these findings, particularly considering the clinicopathological variables in more depth and the detailed study of the lower risk of laminitis in European horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Gomez DE, Dunkel B, Renaud DL, Arroyo LG, Schoster A, Kopper JJ, Byrne D, Toribio RE. (2023). Survival rates and factors associated with survival and laminitis of horses with acute diarrhoea admitted to referral institutions. Equine Vet J, 56(5), 970-981. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14032

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 56
Issue: 5
Pages: 970-981

Researcher Affiliations

Gomez, Diego E
  • Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Dunkel, Bettina
  • Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK.
Renaud, David L
  • Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Arroyo, Luis G
  • Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Schoster, Angelika
  • Vetsuisse Faculty, Equine Department University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Equine Clinic, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
Kopper, Jamie J
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Byrne, David
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Toribio, Ramiro E
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Horse Diseases / mortality
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Diarrhea / veterinary
  • Diarrhea / mortality
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Foot Diseases / veterinary
  • Foot Diseases / mortality
  • Foot Diseases / pathology
  • Male
  • Female
  • Hoof and Claw / pathology
  • Inflammation / veterinary
  • Inflammation / mortality
  • Acute Disease
  • Survival Rate

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