Temporal kinetics of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration and identification of SAA isoforms in blood and synovial fluid of horses with experimentally induced septic arthritis, non-septic synovitis, and systemic inflammation.
Abstract: Prompt diagnosis of equine septic arthritis is crucial for successful treatment. Serum amyloid A (SAA) has been suggested as a reliable biomarker. However, we previously found that synovial fluid SAA increases in nonaffected joints of horses with septic arthritis. We hypothesized that systemic SAA may leak into the nonaffected joints. If this is the case, we also hypothesized that locally produced joint SAA isoforms may be better candidates for septic arthritis biomarkers. Thus, our objectives were 1) to evaluate the temporal kinetics of systemic and synovial fluid SAA in horses with septic arthritis ( = 5), non-septic synovitis ( = 5), and systemic inflammation ( = 5), examining both affected and contralateral joints; and 2) investigate putative locally produced joint SAA isoforms and detect amino-acid differences between them. We confirmed that SAA increases significantly in synovial fluid in nonaffected joints of horses with systemic inflammation (≤352 mg/L), as well as in contralateral nonaffected joins in horses with septic arthritis (≤1,830 mg/L) compared to baseline at time 0 (<0.2 mg/L). We also identified a putative locally produced joint SAA peptide in synovial fluid (FGDSGHGAADSR) that differed in 1 amino acid from 2 systemic peptides found both in plasma and synovial fluid. The putative joint SAA isoform was present in joints of horses with both septic arthritis and systemic inflammation (ion intensities 10-10). Thus, the increase of synovial fluid SAA may be both due to the leakage of SAA from serum into joints and local production of joint SAA isoforms.
Publication Date: 2024-12-17 PubMed ID: 39688235DOI: 10.1177/10406387241299873Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research aims to understand the role of a bio-marker, Serum Amyloid A (SAA), in the detection and diagnosis of septic arthritis in horses. This is done by studying how the concentration of SAA changes over time and identifying different versions of SAA present in the blood and joint fluid of horses with septic arthritis, non-septic synovitis, and systemic inflammation.
Objective of the Study
- The study aims to evaluate the variance of SAA levels in the blood and joint fluid of horses with different health conditions, namely septic arthritis, non-septic synovitis, and systemic inflammation. It also sets out to identify different types of SAA that were produced locally in the joint involved.
Temporal Kinetics of Systemic and Synovial Fluid SAA
- The researchers found a profound rise in SAA concentration in joint fluid, not only in affected joints of horses with septic arthritis but also in unaffected joints when systemic inflammation was present. In particular, this rise led to SAA reaching levels up to 1,830 mg/L in contralateral nonaffected joints and 352 mg/L in unaffected joints with systematic inflammation, compared to the baseline at time 0 which was less than 0.2 mg/L.
Identification and Comparison of SAA Isoforms
- On top of the systemic increase, the study also detected a version of SAA that seemed to be produced directly within the joint (termed as a “putative locally produced joint SAA”). This SAA peptide found in the joint fluid differed by one amino acid from the systemic SAA peptides found in both the plasma and joint fluid.
- The study deduced that this particular SAA version was present in joints of horses with both septic arthritis and systemic inflammation.
Implications of Findings
- These findings put forth the possibility that the detected increase in SAA in the joint fluid could be due to both an overflow of SAA from the bloodstream into the joints, as well as the local production of SAA directly in the joints. This supported the researchers’ initial hypothesis.
- This could have significant implications for the diagnosis and treatment of equine septic arthritis. The differential presence of systemic and locally produced SAA could be used to more accurately identify cases of septic arthritis or systemic inflammatory conditions in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Koziy RV, Katselis GS, Yoshimura S, Simko E, Bracamonte JL.
(2024).
Temporal kinetics of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration and identification of SAA isoforms in blood and synovial fluid of horses with experimentally induced septic arthritis, non-septic synovitis, and systemic inflammation.
J Vet Diagn Invest, 10406387241299873.
https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387241299873 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Departments of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, and Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
- Departments of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no conflicts of interest related to this report.
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