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The Journal of physiology1977; 269(1); 33-51; doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1977.sp011891

The effect of training and detraining on muscle composition in the horse.

Abstract: 1. Percutaneous needle biopsies were obtained from six limb muscles in six horses before and during a training programme of 10 or 15 weeks designed to involve both aerobic and anaerobic work. In a subsequent detraining period, biopsies were also taken after 5 and 10 weeks. 2. Samples were analysed biochemically for enzyme activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aldolase (ALD), citrate synthase (CS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and for glycogen content. Fibre typing was carried out histochemically before and 10 weeks after commencement of training. 3. There was a significant increase in the percentage of high myosin ATPase activity pH 9-4/high oxidative (FTH) fibres with a corresponding decrease in high myosin ATPase activity pH 9-4/low oxidative (FT) fibres and low myosin ATPase activity pH 9-4/high oxidative (ST) fibres after 10 weeks training. 4. During training, enzyme activities increased progressively but at different rates with an approximate twofold increase in all of the enzymes except CPK by the end of the training period. Changes in all the muscles studied were similar. Glycogen content increased by approximately 33% which was significant when all the muscles were considered together. 5. A decrease in enzyme activity occurred after 5 weeks detraining. However at 10 weeks a consistent but inexplicable increase in all enzyme levels, except CS again occurred. 6. It is concluded that training increased greatly the activity of enzymes involved in both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.
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Publication Date: 1977-07-01 PubMed ID: 142828PubMed Central: PMC1283701DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1977.sp011891Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper discusses how a combined aerobic and anaerobic training program over 10 to 15 weeks significantly impacts the muscle composition of horses, affecting enzyme activity and glycogen content. The paper also considers the effects of a detraining period.

Research Design

  • The study was conducted on six horses involving six separate limb muscles. The researchers followed a training plan that encompassed both aerobic and anaerobic work for periods of 10 or 15 weeks.
  • The team also investigated the effects of a detraining period by gathering biopsies after 5 and 10 weeks of cessation of training.

Methodology

  • They used percutaneous needle biopsies to obtain muscle samples before, during, and after the training and detraining periods.
  • The samples were analyzed for enzyme activity and glycogen content. The enzymes tested were lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aldolase (ALD), citrate synthase (CS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
  • Fiber typing was carried out histochemically before and after 10 weeks into the training program.

Findings

  • After 10 weeks of training, there was a considerable increase in high myosin ATPase activity, which is linked to muscular function. This led to a decrease in low myosin ATPase activity.
  • Enzyme activities rose progressively throughout the training period at different rates, with almost all enzymes showing approximately two-fold increase by the end of the training.
  • Significant changes were observed with glycogen content, an energy storage molecule in the body, increasing by about 33% across all muscles overall.

Effects of Detraining

  • Five weeks into the detraining period, a reduction in enzyme activity was observed. However, by the 10th week, there was an unexplained increase in all enzyme levels except for citrate synthase.

Conclusion

  • The study concludes that the training protocol significantly increased the activity of enzymes involved in both the aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms. This illustrates the vital role of training on muscle composition in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Guy PS, Snow DH. (1977). The effect of training and detraining on muscle composition in the horse. J Physiol, 269(1), 33-51. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1977.sp011891

Publication

The Journal of physiology
ISSN: 0022-3751
NlmUniqueID: 0266262
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 269
Issue: 1
Pages: 33-51

Researcher Affiliations

Guy, P S
    Snow, D H

      MeSH Terms

      • Adenosine Triphosphatases / metabolism
      • Alanine Transaminase / metabolism
      • Animals
      • Aspartate Aminotransferases / metabolism
      • Creatine Kinase / metabolism
      • Female
      • Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase / metabolism
      • Glycogen / analysis
      • Horses / metabolism
      • L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / metabolism
      • Male
      • Muscles / analysis
      • Muscles / enzymology
      • Myosins / analysis
      • Physical Conditioning, Animal
      • Rest

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