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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 14(1); doi: 10.3390/ani14010022

The Postural and Body Surface Temperature Response of Leisure Horses to Lunging with Selected Lunging Aids.

Abstract: Incorporating lunging into a horse's daily routine aims to enhance fitness, physical condition, and specific skills or exercises when using lunging aids (LAs). To assess the effectiveness of lunging, non-contact technologies like geometric morphometrics and infrared thermography can be employed. This study seeks to evaluate lunging efficiency based on the horse's posture and surface temperature when lunging with different head and neck positions. The study aims to determine if changes in a horse's posture correspond to increased metabolic activity, as indicated by body surface temperature. Thirteen horses included in the study were lunged with chambon (CH), rubber band (RB), and triangle side reins (TRs) as well as with a freely moving head (FMH). Images were taken in visible light and infrared. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to analyze horse posture changes and a Pixel-Counting Protocol (PCP) was used to quantify surface temperature patterns. The horses' posture exhibited contrasting changes, reflected by a changing centroid shape (p < 0.0001) but not size (p > 0.05) when lunged with RB and TRs, but not CH. Different (p < 0.0001) surface temperature patterns were observed during lunging. FMH lunging resulted in lower temperatures over a larger surface, CH induced moderate temperatures on a smaller area, RB caused moderate to high temperatures across a broader surface, and TRs led to higher temperatures over a smaller region. The studied lunging cases returned different (p < 0.0001) surface temperature patterns. Lunging with FMH returned lower temperatures over a larger surface, CH moderate temperatures on a smaller area, RB moderate to high temperatures across a broader surface, and TRs higher temperatures over a smaller region. The proposed methods can be applied to evaluate the efficiency of lunging in horses.
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Publication Date: 2023-12-20 PubMed ID: 38200753PubMed Central: PMC10778250DOI: 10.3390/ani14010022Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the impact of different lunging aids on the posture and body surface temperature of horses during lunging. It makes use of non-contact technologies like geometric morphometrics and infrared thermography for evaluation.

Objective

  • The research aimed to assess the posture and corresponding body surface temperature changes in horses lunged with different head and neck positions using lunging aids (LAs). The goal was to evaluate the efficiency and potential metabolic impact of lunging, a common exercise and training method for horses.

Methodology

  • The study involved thirteen horses that were lunged with different devices: chambon (CH), rubber band (RB), triangle side reins (TRs), and freely moving head (FMH).
  • Images of the horses during lunging were taken employing both visual light and infrared technologies. This allowed for the analysis of posture changes as well as surface temperature changes.
  • Posture changes were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a statistical procedure frequently used in morphometric analyses to identify and quantity variation and similarity.
  • A Pixel-Counting Protocol (PCP) was used to quantify surface temperature patterns – a method that counts and analyses temperature anomalies in a digital image.

Findings

  • The results indicated significant changes in horses’ posture (the position of their bodies), which were visible in shifting shapes during lunging with certain LAs (rubber band and triangle side reins), but not with the chambon.
  • The temperature patterns on the surface of their bodies also differed with each LA: FMH lunging caused lower temperatures over a larger area; the chambon triggered moderate temperatures across a smaller region; the rubber band resulted in moderate to high temperatures over a larger surface; and the triangle side reins led to higher temperatures across a smaller surface.
  • The findings imply that different lunging methods evoke not only different postures but also different metabolic activities in horses, as denoted by changes on body surface temperature.

Implications

  • This research points to the ability to utilize non-contact technologies for the assessment of the impact of different training methods on horses. This could be beneficial for optimising training methodologies for equine athletes, improving their health, performance, and overall well-being.

Cite This Article

APA
Maśko M, Sikorska U, Borowska M, Zdrojkowski Ł, Jasiński T, Domino M. (2023). The Postural and Body Surface Temperature Response of Leisure Horses to Lunging with Selected Lunging Aids. Animals (Basel), 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14010022

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 1

Researcher Affiliations

Maśko, Małgorzata
  • Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Sikorska, Urszula
  • Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Borowska, Marta
  • Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Białystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
Zdrojkowski, Łukasz
  • Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Jasiński, Tomasz
  • Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Domino, Małgorzata
  • Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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