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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet World / The prevalence of horse trypanosomiasis in Sumba Island, Ind...
Veterinary world2019; 12(5); 646-652; doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.646-652

The prevalence of horse trypanosomiasis in Sumba Island, Indonesia and its detection using card agglutination tests.

Abstract: Horses have a strategic and vital role to play in the lives of the people of Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province. They act as social animals that are involved in death ceremonies, horse races, and during pasola, thereby supporting tourism, and are given away as dowry in wedding ceremonies. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of trypanosomiasis among horses in four districts of Sumba Island by examining clinical symptoms and detecting parasites, antibodies, and other factors that are related to infection in horses. Methods: We studied a total of 211 horses that belonged to 88 clinical hobby breeders. Giemsa-colored smears and serum were examined in order to detect antibodies using card-agglutination tests (CATT). The study was conducted during the rainy season that lasted from January to March 2017. Potential risk factors such as the species, sex, origin of the livestock, how the livestock were maintained, and the farmers' knowledge concerning trypanosomiasis were recorded using questionnaires. Data were collected annually for three years from 2010-2012 and repeatedly analyzed by a Chi-square test. Results: Clinical signs of trypanosomiasis were found in 34 horses; blood smears were examined using Giemsa staining and negative preparations were obtained at a frequency of 0.0% (0/211). The CATT results generally showed that 13.3% (28/211) of the samples were seropositive for antibodies to ; the highest percentage, 16.67% (8/48), of seropositivity was found in the West Sumba District, and the lowest, 12.0% (5/50), was found in Southwest Sumba. The incidence of trypanosomiasis was higher (75% [21/28]) among female hip horses; horses with 1-5 years of experience were more susceptible to a infection (46.4% [13/28]). In general, farmers on Sumba Island knew of trypanosomiasis (89.8% [79/88]), and 69.3% (61/88) of the farmers reported that their livestock was sick. This study was the first serological study conducted on trypanosomiasis in horses of Sumba Island after the surra outbreak in 2010-2012. There were 3% of farmers who were willing to provide the government with information on implementing a prevention program and controlling the spread of surra on the island. Conclusions: The diagnoses of surra disease were made based on clinical symptoms and parasitological examinations. CATTs could be used to diagnose infection in horses.
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Publication Date: 2019-05-09 PubMed ID: 31327899PubMed Central: PMC6584862DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.646-652Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research is focused on assessing the prevalence of Trypanosomiasis, a parasitic infection, in horses living in Sumba Island, Indonesia, with the help of examinations, questionnaires, and card-agglutination tests.

Objective and Background

  • Horses play a significant role in the social and cultural practices of people living in Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. This research was undertaken to understand the extent to which these horses are afflicted with trypanosomiasis, a disease caused by parasitic protozoans.

Methods

  • The study was conducted during the rainy season from January to March 2017. A total of 211 horses that belonged to 88 hobby breeders were examined.
  • The presence of antibodies in the horses’ blood was detected using card-agglutination tests (CATT), a diagnostic method effective for parasitic infections.
  • Additional factors related to trypanosomiasis infection such as the species, sex, and origin of the livestock, the manner of maintenance, and the farmers’ understanding of the disease were gathered using questionnaires.

Findings

  • Out of the total, clinical symptoms of trypanosomiasis were observed in 34 horses – indicative that the disease was present.
  • The card-agglutination tests suggested that 13.3% of the horses bore antibodies indicating infection.
  • Analysis of the findings showed that the West Sumba District had the highest percentage (16.67%) of horses with antibodies against trypanosomiasis. The Southwest Sumba District had the lowest percentage (12.0%).
  • Females and young horses (with experience of 1-5 years) showed a higher susceptibility to the infection.

Farmer Knowledge

  • Most of the farmers were aware of trypanosomiasis (89.8% of the respondents), with 69.3% of them reporting that their livestock was ill.
  • However, only 3% of the farmers were ready to assist the government with information to implement a prevention program to control the disease’s spread.

Conclusions

  • The study concluded that diagnosing surra (trypanosomiasis) relies on an evaluation of clinical symptoms and parasitological examinations.
  • Card-agglutination testing was determined to be an effective method for diagnosing an active Trypanosoma infection in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Nurcahyo W, Yowi MRK, Hartati S, Prastowo J. (2019). The prevalence of horse trypanosomiasis in Sumba Island, Indonesia and its detection using card agglutination tests. Vet World, 12(5), 646-652. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.646-652

Publication

Veterinary world
ISSN: 0972-8988
NlmUniqueID: 101504872
Country: India
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 5
Pages: 646-652

Researcher Affiliations

Nurcahyo, Wisnu
  • Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Yowi, Marlin R K
  • Department of Animal Health, Polytechnic of Agriculture Kupang, Jalan Prof. Herman Yohannes Lasiana, Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia.
Hartati, Sri
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Prastowo, Joko
  • Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Setiawan A, Nurcahyo W, Priyowidodo D, Budiati RT, Susanti DSR. Genetic and parasitological identification of Trypanosoma evansi infecting cattle in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.. Vet World 2021 Jan;14(1):113-119.
    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.113-119pubmed: 33642794google scholar: lookup
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