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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021; 10(1); 43; doi: 10.3390/pathogens10010043

Transcriptomic Profiling of Equine and Viral Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Horses during Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection.

Abstract: Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) affects horses worldwide and causes respiratory disease, abortions, and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Following infection, a cell-associated viremia is established in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This viremia is essential for transport of EHV-1 to secondary infection sites where subsequent immunopathology results in diseases such as abortion or EHM. Because of the central role of PBMCs in EHV-1 pathogenesis, our goal was to establish a gene expression analysis of host and equine herpesvirus genes during EHV-1 viremia using RNA sequencing. When comparing transcriptomes of PBMCs during peak viremia to those prior to EHV-1 infection, we found 51 differentially expressed equine genes (48 upregulated and 3 downregulated). After gene ontology analysis, processes such as the interferon defense response, response to chemokines, the complement protein activation cascade, cell adhesion, and coagulation were overrepresented during viremia. Additionally, transcripts for EHV-1, EHV-2, and EHV-5 were identified in pre- and post-EHV-1-infection samples. Looking at micro RNAs (miRNAs), 278 known equine miRNAs and 855 potentially novel equine miRNAs were identified in addition to 57 and 41 potentially novel miRNAs that mapped to the EHV-2 and EHV-5 genomes, respectively. Of those, 1 EHV-5 and 4 equine miRNAs were differentially expressed in PBMCs during viremia. In conclusion, this work expands our current knowledge about the role of PBMCs during EHV-1 viremia and will inform the focus on future experiments to identify host and viral factors that contribute to clinical EHM.
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Publication Date: 2021-01-07 PubMed ID: 33430330PubMed Central: PMC7825769DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010043Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the changes in both horse and virus gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during an infection of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), which can lead to various diseases in horses. The researchers performed RNA sequencing and found significant changes in gene expression during peak infection compared to pre-infection stages, which might indicate how the virus is transported and how it causes illness.

Objective of Research

The research focused on understanding the impact of EHV-1 virus infection in horses. It aimed to explore the changes in gene expression in PBMCs, which are vital in the infection and disease manifestation process. By leveraging RNA sequencing, the study was intent to identify differentially expressed genes during the peak infection stage and contrast it with the pre-infection state.

Research Methodology and Findings

  • The researchers utilized RNA sequencing to analyze the gene expression in PBMCs during EHV-1 infection.
  • Through comparative analysis, they discovered 51 differentially expressed horse genes (48 upregulated and 3 downregulated) during peak viremia as opposed to pre-infection.
  • Several biological processes such as the interferon defense response, response to chemokines, the complement protein activation cascade, cell adhesion, and coagulation were overrepresented during viremia, suggesting these functions play a significant role in viral infection progression.
  • The study also identified presence of transcripts for EHV-1, EHV-2, and EHV-5 in both pre- and post-infection samples.
  • The research identified 278 known equine miRNAs and 855 potentially novel equine miRNAs, plus 57 and 41 new miRNAs that may be associated with EHV-2 and EHV-5 genomes, respectively.
  • Among these, 1 EHV-5 and 4 equine miRNAs showed differential expression in PBMCs during viremia.

Conclusions and Future Implication

  • The findings are expected to enhance our understanding of how PBMCs influence EHV-1 viremia. They provide interesting insights about gene expression alterations during virus infection, which could be crucial in understanding the pathology of the disease.
  • The identified differentially expressed genes might play crucial roles in viral transport and subsequent disease manifestation, necessitating further exploration for potential therapeutic interventions.

Cite This Article

APA
Zarski LM, Weber PSD, Lee Y, Soboll Hussey G. (2021). Transcriptomic Profiling of Equine and Viral Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Horses during Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection. Pathogens, 10(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010043

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
PII: 43

Researcher Affiliations

Zarski, Lila M
  • Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Weber, Patty Sue D
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Lee, Yao
  • Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Soboll Hussey, Gisela
  • Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

Grant Funding

  • N/A / Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine's Endowed Research Fund and the Freeman Fund for Equine Research
  • 2018-67015-28242 / National Institute of Food and Agriculture

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

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