Transforming growth factor beta 1 expression in the endometrium of the mare during placentation.
Abstract: In situ hybridization, Northern blotting, and immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) in the endometrium of the mare during the first 150 days of pregnancy (term = 330-340 days). In situ hybridization using an oligonucleotide (45mer) probe, based on a homologous region within all known mammalian TGF beta 1 DNA sequences, demonstrated TGF beta 1 mRNA accumulation in the glandular and lumenal epithelial cells of the endometrium from day 33 onwards which corresponds to the time of implantation (day 33-45). Expression in the endometrium remained at a high level to the end of the sampling period (day 150). There was also marked expression of TGF beta 1 in the mononuclear cells accumulated around the periphery of the specialized trophoblast cells of the endometrial cup within the endometrium and in the mononuclear cells accumulated in the endometrial stroma of mares carrying failing donkey-in-horse pregnancies created by embryo transfer. The sense (control) oligonucleotide probe exhibited no hybridization to any tissue at any stage. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the oligonucleotide probe and a porcine TGF beta 1 cDNA clone hybridized to a single 2.5 kb transcript in horse endometrial and lymphocyte RNA, thus validating the oligonucleotide probe for detection of horse TGF beta 1 mRNA. Furthermore, both probes demonstrated an increased signal in the pregnant endometrium from day 33 onwards, thereby confirming the in situ hybridization results. Immunostaining with a specific anti-bovine TGF beta 1 serum also showed increasing TGF beta 1 accumulation in endometrial epithelia during pregnancy, and localization of the protein in endometrial stroma and in the trophoblast layer of the placenta after day 60 of pregnancy. These results show that TGF beta 1 expression increases in the maternal endometrium of the mare at the time of implantation and that it may play a role in regulating endometrial and/or trophoblast growth and differentiation during placentation in this species. It may also influence fetal development (via placental transfer) at a later stage of gestation.
Publication Date: 1995-10-01 PubMed ID: 8562058DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1080420202Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research examines the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) in the endometrium of pregnant mares with the help of various scientific techniques. It’s discovered that TGF beta 1 expression elevates at the time of embryo attachment and throughout gestation period, suggesting a probable impact on fetal development and endometrial or trophoblast growth during placentation.
Methodology
- The researchers employed in situ hybridization, Northern blotting, and immunohistochemical techniques to study TGF beta 1 expression in the endometrium of pregnant mares for the initial 150 days of pregnancy.
- An oligonucleotide probe was used to demonstrate the accumulation of TGF beta 1 mRNA in the glandular and lumenal epithelial cells of the endometrium.
- Furthermore, the researchers investigated the expression of TGF beta 1 in the mononuclear cells accumulated around the peripheral areas of the specialized trophoblast cells and in failure cases of donkey-in-horse pregnancies through embryo transfer.
Findings and Validation
- The study found that TGF beta 1 mRNA accumulation begins from day 33, which is the time of implantation (term = 330-340 days), and remains at a high level until the end of the sampling period (day 150).
- The Northern blot analysis confirmed the findings by demonstrating a single 2.5 kb transcript in horse endometrial and lymphocyte RNA, thus validating the oligonucleotide probe for the detection of horse TGF beta 1 mRNA.
- The study also noticed an increased signal in the pregnant endometrium from day 33 onwards, corroborating the results obtained from in situ hybridization.
Interpretation and Conclusion
- Immunostaining with a specific anti-bovine TGF beta 1 serum showed increased TGF beta 1 accumulation in endometrial epithelia during pregnancy, pointing to a potential role of TGF beta 1 in endometrial and/or trophoblast growth and differentiation during placentation in mares.
- The study suggests TGF beta 1 may also influence fetal development at a later stage of gestation, possibly through placental transfer.
- The findings provide critical insight on the role of TGF beta 1 during pregnancy in equine species, offering new avenues for further research and potential applications in terms of reproductive health management in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Lennard SN, Stewart F, Allen WR.
(1995).
Transforming growth factor beta 1 expression in the endometrium of the mare during placentation.
Mol Reprod Dev, 42(2), 131-140.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080420202 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Thoroughbred Breeders' Association Equine Fertility Unit, Mertoun Paddocks, Suffolk, United Kingdom.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- DNA, Complementary / genetics
- Endometrium / metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Horses
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Placentation / genetics
- Pregnancy
- RNA, Messenger / genetics
- RNA, Messenger / metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta / genetics
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Mu S, Shen Y, Ren H, Ulaangerel T, Yi M, Zhao B, Hao A, Liu Q, Wen X, Dugarjaviin M, Bou G. Effects of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) on In Vitro Cultured Equine Chorionic Girdle Cells. Animals (Basel) 2025 Feb 6;15(3).
- Swegen A. Maternal recognition of pregnancy in the mare: does it exist and why do we care?. Reproduction 2021 May 5;161(6):R139-R155.
- Kammerer R, Ballesteros A, Bonsor D, Warren J, Williams JM, Moore T, Dveksler G. Equine pregnancy-specific glycoprotein CEACAM49 secreted by endometrial cup cells activates TGFB. Reproduction 2020 Nov;160(5):685-694.
- Al-Haddad BJS, Oler E, Armistead B, Elsayed NA, Weinberger DR, Bernier R, Burd I, Kapur R, Jacobsson B, Wang C, Mysorekar I, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf KM. The fetal origins of mental illness. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019 Dec;221(6):549-562.
- Antczak DF, de Mestre AM, Wilsher S, Allen WR. The equine endometrial cup reaction: a fetomaternal signal of significance. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2013 Jan;1:419-42.
- Cabrera-Sharp V, Read JE, Richardson S, Kowalski AA, Antczak DF, Cartwright JE, Mukherjee A, de Mestre AM. SMAD1/5 signaling in the early equine placenta regulates trophoblast differentiation and chorionic gonadotropin secretion. Endocrinology 2014 Aug;155(8):3054-64.
- Blitek A, Morawska-Pucinska E, Szymanska M, Kiewisz J, Waclawik A. Effect of conceptus on transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 mRNA expression and protein concentration in the porcine endometrium--in vivo and in vitro studies. J Reprod Dev 2013 Dec 17;59(6):512-9.
- Meyer U, Feldon J, Yee BK. A review of the fetal brain cytokine imbalance hypothesis of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2009 Sep;35(5):959-72.
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