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Treatment of pythiosis in equine limbs using intravenous regional perfusion of amphotericin B.
Abstract: To evaluate the effects of intravenous regional limb perfusion (IRLP) administration of amphotericin B in horses to treat pythiosis after surgical excision and thermocautery. Methods: Case series. Methods: Horses (n = 12) with Pythium insidiosum infection of the distal aspect of the thoracic or pelvic limbs. Methods: After surgical excision of granulation tissue and thermocautery, 50 mg amphotericin B was administered by IRLP through a catheter placed in a superficial vein of the affected limb next to the lesion after placing a tourniquet above the injection site. The lesions and locomotor system were evaluated before treatment and at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 60 days. Results: Ninety-two percent of horses treated with amphotericin B had complete lesion resolution 35 or 60 days after 1 or 2 IRLP treatments, respectively. IRLP induced limb edema and pain during regional palpation in 42%, and inflammation of the injection site in 33% of horses; however these signs resolved after 14 days. Conclusions: IRLP administration of amphotericin B was effective for treating pythiosis in equine limbs, resolving infection with manageable side effects.
© Copyright 2012 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
Publication Date: 2012-07-27 PubMed ID: 22846053DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2012.01019.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article discusses how the use of an intravenous regional limb perfusion (IRLP) treatment with amphotericin B in horses could effectively treat pythiosis, a fungal infection, after surgical removal and use of thermocautery (heat treatment). For most horses, this treatment led to total healing of the infection, despite minor temporary side effects.
Research Objectives and Method
- The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using intravenous regional limb perfusion (IRLP) with amphotericin B to treat pythiosis in horse limbs subsequent to surgical removal and thermocautery.
- The research employed a case series method where twelve horses with Pythium insidiosum infection in the lower parts of their thoracic or pelvic limbs were chosen for the study.
Experimental Process
- After the granulation tissues were surgically excised and then treated with thermocautery, a dose of 50 mg of amphotericin B was administered via IRLP.
- The amphotericin B was injected through a catheter placed in a superficial vein of the affected limb close to the lesion. A tourniquet was put above the injection site to restrict and focus the blood flow.
- The progression of the lesions and locomotor system were monitored before the beginning of the treatment and again on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th and 60th days after the treatment.
Key Findings
- The results indicated that in 92% of the horses, the lesions were completely resolved after 1 or 2 IRLP treatments, observed either 35 or 60 days post-treatment.
- However, it also induced limb edema (swelling caused by fluid buildup) and pain when palpating the region in 42% of the cases. About 33% of horses also showed inflammation at the injection site. But these symptoms subsided within 14 days.
Conclusion
- The researchers concluded that the method of administering amphotericin B through IRLP was effective in treating pythiosis in equine limbs and the infections were entirely resolved in the majority of cases.
- However, temporary side effects including limb edema and pain were observed, but these resolved naturally within two weeks.
Cite This Article
APA
Dória RG, Freitas SH, Linardi RL, Mendonça Fde S, Arruda LP, Boabaid FM, Valadão CA.
(2012).
Treatment of pythiosis in equine limbs using intravenous regional perfusion of amphotericin B.
Vet Surg, 41(6), 759-765.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2012.01019.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. redoria@usp.br
MeSH Terms
- Amphotericin B / administration & dosage
- Amphotericin B / therapeutic use
- Animals
- Anti-Infective Agents / administration & dosage
- Anti-Infective Agents / therapeutic use
- Female
- Forelimb / microbiology
- Forelimb / pathology
- Hindlimb / microbiology
- Hindlimb / pathology
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horses
- Injections, Intravenous
- Male
- Pythiosis / drug therapy
- Pythiosis / veterinary
- Pythium / isolation & purification
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Yolanda H, Lohnoo T, Rujirawat T, Yingyong W, Kumsang Y, Sae-Chew P, Payattikul P, Krajaejun T. Selection of an Appropriate In Vitro Susceptibility Test for Assessing Anti-Pythium insidiosum Activity of Potassium Iodide, Triamcinolone Acetonide, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, and Ethanol. J Fungi (Basel) 2022 Oct 24;8(11).
- Yolanda H, Krajaejun T. History and Perspective of Immunotherapy for Pythiosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021 Sep 26;9(10).
- Atiba A, Ghazy A, Hamad MH. Evaluating the efficacy of surgical excision and topical dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) in the treatment of equine cutaneous pythiosis. Iran J Vet Res 2020 Fall;21(4):301-307.
- Yolanda H, Krajaejun T. Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum. Heliyon 2020 Apr;6(4):e03737.
- Fan YT, Chung KR, Huang JW. Fungichromin Production by Streptomyces padanus PMS-702 for Controlling Cucumber Downy Mildew. Plant Pathol J 2019 Aug;35(4):341-350.
- Araújo MJ, Bosco SM, Sforcin JM. Pythium insidiosum: inhibitory effects of propolis and geopropolis on hyphal growth. Braz J Microbiol 2016 Oct-Dec;47(4):863-869.
- de Souza Silveira Valente J, de Oliveira da Silva Fonseca A, Denardi LB, Dal Ben VS, de Souza Maia Filho F, Baptista CT, Braga CQ, Zambrano CG, Alves SH, de Avila Botton S, Pereira DI. In Vitro Susceptibility of Pythium insidiosum to Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita and Origanum vulgare Essential Oils Combinations. Mycopathologia 2016 Aug;181(7-8):617-22.
- Dória RG, Carvalho MB, Freitas SH, Laskoski LM, Colodel EM, Mendonça FS, Silva MA, Grigoletto R, Fantinato Neto P. Evaluation of intravenous regional perfusion with amphotericin B and dimethylsulfoxide to treat horses for pythiosis of a limb. BMC Vet Res 2015 Jul 16;11:152.
- Pereira DIB, Botton SA, Ianiski LB, Braga CQ, Maciel AF, Melo LG, Zambrano CG, Bruhn FRP, Santurio JM. Equidae pythiosis in Brazil and the world: a systematic review of the last 63 years (1960-2023). Braz J Microbiol 2024 Sep;55(3):2969-2981.
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