Ultrasound findings in horses with severe eyelid swelling, and recognition of acute dacryoadenitis: 10 cases (2004-2010).
Abstract: To report the sonographic findings, treatment, and outcome of horses with severe eyelid swelling, to describe the sonographic appearance of enlarged lacrimal glands, and to describe the clinical features of acute dacryoadenitis. Methods: Medical records of all horses with severe eyelid swelling that underwent an ultrasound evaluation of the globe and periorbital structures from 2004-2010 were examined. Cases were limited to those in which the eyelid swelling was so severe that the globe could not be visualized. Results: Ten horses met the criteria for inclusion in the study. All cases were unilateral and acute. Marked enlargement of the lacrimal gland was found in five cases, and supported the diagnosis of acute dacryoadenitis. Eyelid abscessation was found in three horses, accompanied by mild to moderate lacrimal gland enlargement in two of the three. Enlarged lacrimal glands were slightly heterogeneous in appearance and could be differentiated from an abscess by imaging the protrusion of the gland from beneath the supraorbital rim. Only two cases of severe eyelid swelling were soley traumatic. Conclusions: Severe eyelid swelling was often associated with dacryoadenitis and/or eyelid abscessation. The detection of marked lacrimal gland enlargement in horses with an acute onset of severe painful eyelid swelling is consistent with a diagnosis of acute dacryoadenitis. Ultrasonographic evaluation of eyelid swelling of any degree is warranted to determine if enlargement of the lacrimal gland, etiology notwithstanding, is an underlying or contributing cause.
© 2011 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.
Publication Date: 2011-03-04 PubMed ID: 21366823DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00845.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research investigates and reports the use of ultrasound findings in diagnosing and treating horses with severe eyelid swelling, focusing particularly on acute dacryoadenitis (inflammation of the tear gland) and how an enlarged lacrimal gland appears through sonography. The study covers recorded cases from 2004-2010, during which horses suffering from extreme eyelid swelling that prevented direct visualization of the globe underwent ultrasound evaluation.
Methodology
- Medical records of horses with severe eyelid swelling undergoing ultrasound examination of the globe and periorbital structures from 2004 to 2010 were thoroughly investigated.
- The study only included cases where the severity of the eyelid swelling prohibited any form of direct visual inspection of the globe.
Results
- Out of all the reviewed cases, only ten were eligible for this study following the selection criterion.
- All instances were unilateral and acute.
- Five of the ten cases showed significant enlargement of the lacrimal gland, a condition supportive of the diagnosis of acute dacryoadenitis.
- A condition of eyelid abscessation was discovered in three horses, two of which also demonstrated mild to moderate enlargement of the lacrimal gland.
- Enlarged lacrimal glands appeared slightly heterogeneous on ultrasound, allowing them to be differentiated from an abscess by imaging the gland’s protrusion from beneath the supraorbital rim.
- Only two cases of severe eyelid swelling were purely due to traumatic events.
Conclusions
- Severe eyelid swelling in horses was frequently associated with acute dacryoadenitis and/or eyelid abscessation.
- The detection of a noticeably enlarged lacrimal gland, in combination with sudden, painful severe eyelid swelling, aligns with a diagnosis of acute dacryoadenitis.
- Ultrasound evaluation of eyelid swelling, regardless of the severity, is recommended in order to determine whether enlargement of the lacrimal gland, regardless of its cause, is a contributing factor to the condition.
Cite This Article
APA
Reimer JM, Latimer CS.
(2011).
Ultrasound findings in horses with severe eyelid swelling, and recognition of acute dacryoadenitis: 10 cases (2004-2010).
Vet Ophthalmol, 14(2), 86-92.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00845.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, PO Box 12070, 2150 Georgetown Road, Lexington, KY 40580, USA. jreimer@roodandriddle.com
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Dacryocystitis / diagnostic imaging
- Dacryocystitis / drug therapy
- Dacryocystitis / pathology
- Dacryocystitis / veterinary
- Eyelids / pathology
- Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Ultrasonography
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Abdelbaset-Ismail A, Aref M, Ezzeldein S, Eisa E, Gugjoo MB, Abdelaal A, Emam H, Al Syaad K, Ahmed AE, Alshati A, Abd El Raouf M. Ultrasound, Dacryocystorhinography and Morphological Examination of Normal Eye and Lacrimal Apparatus of the Donkey (Equus asinus). Animals (Basel) 2022 Jan 6;12(2).
- Knickelbein KE, Luethy D, Thomasy SM, Reilly C, Strom AR, Lassaline ME. Equine eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis in California: retrospective study of 47 eyes from 29 cases (1993-2017). Vet Ophthalmol 2019 Jul;22(4):510-519.
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