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Journal of anatomy2020; 238(3); 527-535; doi: 10.1111/joa.13335

Ultrastructural evidence for telocytes in equine tendon.

Abstract: The three-dimensional ultrastructure of the tendon is complex. Two main cell types are classically supported: elongated tenocytes and ovoid tenoblasts. The existence of resident stem/progenitor cells in human and equine tendons has been demonstrated, but their location and relationship to tenoblasts and tenocytes remain unclear. Hence, in this work, we carried out an ultrastructural study of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon. Although the fine structure of tendons has been previously studied using electron microscopy, the presence of telocytes, a specific type of interstitial cell, has not been described thus far. We show the presence of telocytes in the equine inter-fascicular tendon matrix near blood vessels. These telocytes have characteristic telopodes, which are composed of alternating dilated portions (podoms) and thin segments (podomers). Additionally, we demonstrate the presence of the primary cilium in telocytes and its ability to release exosomes. The location of telocytes is similar to that of tendon stem cells. The telocyte-blood vessel proximity, the presence of primary immotile cilia and the release of exosomes could have special significance for tendon homeostasis.
© 2020 Anatomical Society.
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Publication Date: 2020-10-18 PubMed ID: 33070316PubMed Central: PMC7855077DOI: 10.1111/joa.13335Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the internal structure of horse tendons, identifying a specific cell type referred to as telocytes, which were previously not recognized within such tendons.

Understanding the Ultrastructure of Equine Tendons

In this research, the focus is on understanding the ultrastructure, or the intricate 3D structure, of equine tendons. Here are the major findings and emphasis of the research:

  • The tendon is made up of two main cell types generally known as tenocytes and tenoblasts.
  • Existing research supports the presence of unilateral stem/progenitor cells in both human and equine tendons, however, their relationship with tenoblasts and tenocytes is somewhat ambiguous.
  • This study hence conducted an ultrastructural analysis of a specific tendon in horses known as the superficial digital flexor tendon in order to provide further insight.

Identification of Telocytes in Equine Tendons

A significant discovery that came out from the research is:

  • Through the use of electron microscopy, a technique commonly used to observe the fine structure of biological specimens, a previously unknown cell type known as ‘telocytes’ has been identified.
  • These telocytes were found in the interstitial matrix of the tendons, located particularly close to the blood vessels within the tendons.
  • These cells possess unique features known as telopodes which have been described as having alternating fat (podoms) and thin (podomers) segments.

Unique Features and Potential Function of Telocytes

The study further emphasizes the potential significance of these newly identified telocytes in equine tendon by discussing their unique features and potential functionalities:

  • One characteristic of telocytes observed was a primary cilium, a small hair-like structure protruding from the cell body which is immobile in telocytes.
  • Another significant observation was the ability of these telocytes to release exosomes, a type of molecular transport and communication medium between cells.
  • The proximity of the telocytes to the tendon blood vessels, the presence of the immobile cilia, and the release of exosomes were suggested to potentially play a crucial role in maintaining the normal functioning of the tendon, otherwise known as tendon homeostasis.

Comparison of Telocytes with Tendon Stem Cells

Lastly, the research pointed out that telocytes’ location in the tendons is similar to that of the tendon stem cells:

  • This observation hints at the possibility that telocytes might play a role similar to, or interconnected with, the function of tendon stem cells.
  • However, the exact role and function of these newly identified cells in equine tendons is not fully understood and would require further investigation and research.

Cite This Article

APA
Luesma MJ, Cantarero I, Sánchez-Cano AI, Rodellar C, Junquera C. (2020). Ultrastructural evidence for telocytes in equine tendon. J Anat, 238(3), 527-535. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13335

Publication

Journal of anatomy
ISSN: 1469-7580
NlmUniqueID: 0137162
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 238
Issue: 3
Pages: 527-535

Researcher Affiliations

Luesma, María J
  • Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Cantarero, Irene
  • Morphological Sciences Department, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Sánchez-Cano, Ana I
  • Applied Physics Department, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Rodellar, Clementina
  • Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics (Lagenbio), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Junquera, Concepción
  • Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses / anatomy & histology
  • Telocytes / ultrastructure
  • Tendons / ultrastructure
  • Tenocytes / ultrastructure

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors confirm that there are no conflicts of interest.

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