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Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere2024; 52(6); 318-326; doi: 10.1055/a-2450-9437

[Uroperitoneum in neonatal foals – Investigation on incidence, symptoms, laboratory findings and prognosis].

Abstract: Uroperitoneum is a typical disease in newborn foals. It occurs rarely but regularly. The aim of the present study is to present clinical signs, laboratory findings and prognosis of foals with uroperitoneum. Methods: Medical records of 33 foals suffering from uroperitoneum that were treated between 2006 and June 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The incidence was 2.3% based of all presented foals during the first 14 days of life in the investigation period. Colts (78.8%) were significant more often affected (p=0,012) than fillies (21.2%). Common clinical signs were disturbed general condition (79.3%), tachypnea (74.1%), tachycardia (71.4%), distended abdomen (79.2%), highly turgid abdomen (60%) respectively tense abdomen (32%) and straining to urinate (46.7%). The mean age at time of diagnosis was 4.3±3.4 days (median: 3 days, range:<1 to 14 days). 26 foals were treated surgically. 16 foals survived (61.5%). Common laboratory findings at the time of diagnosis were hypochloridemia (91.2%), increased creatinine concentration (77.8%), hyperkaliemia (74.2%) and hyponatriemia (71%). 6 foals developed recurrence of the uroperitoneum. Five foals underwent a second laparotomy, 4 of these survived. The mean duration of hospitalization of healthy discharged foals was 11.6±3.7 days (median: 11 days). Follow-up data was obtained through owner contact for discharged 12 foals six months or longer following surgery (6 months to 9 years). 91.7% of these were alive and none of them developed medical issues in the urinary tract as sequela to surgery of the uroperitoneum. Conclusions: The short-term prognosis of uroperitoneum is good when it is recognized and treated early and no or only few concomitant diseases are present. Performing repeated postoperative follow-up sonography examinations is recommended in order to recognize a recurrence of the uroperitoneum early-on. The further long-term prognosis is very good. Unassigned: Das Uroperitoneum ist eine typische Erkrankung des neugeborenen Fohlens, die selten, aber regelmäßig auftritt. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, die klinische Symptomatik, labordiagnostische Befunde und die Prognose bei betroffenen Fohlen darzustellen. Methods: Es wurden retrospektiv die Daten von 33 Fohlen mit der Erkrankung Uroperitoneum im Zeitraum von 2006 bis Ende Juni 2018 ausgewertet. Unassigned: Das Uroperitoneum trat mit einer Häufigkeit von 2,3% bezogen auf alle vorgestellten Fohlen bis zum 14. Lebenstag im Untersuchungszeitraum auf. Es waren signifikant mehr Hengst- (78,8%) als Stutfohlen (21,2%) betroffen (p=0,012). Typische Symptome waren ein gestörtes Allgemeinbefinden (79,3%), Tachypnoe (74,1%), Tachykardie (71,4%), ein prall gefülltes Abdomen (79,2%), eine stark aufgetrommelte (60%) bzw. gespannte (32%) Bauchdecke und Tenesmus vesicae (46,7%). Das Durchschnittsalter zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose lag bei 4,3±3,4 Tagen (Median: 3 Tage, Spannweite:<1 bis 14 Tage). Es wurden 26 Fohlen operiert, von denen 16 (61,5%) gesund entlassen werden konnten. Häufige labordiagnostische Befunde im venösen Blut zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose sind eine Hypochloridämie (91,2%), eine erhöhte Kreatininkonzentration (77,8%), Hyperkaliämie (74,2%) und Hyponatriämie (71%). Bei 6 Fohlen entwickelte sich ein Rezidiv des Uroperitoneums. Fünf Fohlen wurden erneut operiert, 4 erfolgreich.Es konnten 12 entlassene Fohlen mindestens 6 Monate nach der Operation verfolgt werden (6 Monate bis 9 Jahre). 91,7% der Fohlen waren zu diesem Zeitpunkt am Leben und keines der Tiere entwickelte eine Gesundheitsstörung, die auf die Operation am Harntrakt zurückzuführen ist. Unassigned: Die kurzfristige Prognose des Uroperitoneums ist gut, wenn die Erkrankung frühzeitig erkannt und therapiert wird und keine bzw. wenige Begleiterkrankungen vorliegen. Zur rechtzeitigen Erkennung eines Rezidivs sollte die Integrität der Blase postoperativ wiederholt sonografisch überprüft werden. Die weitere langfristige Prognose ist sehr gut.
Publication Date: 2024-12-05 PubMed ID: 39638340DOI: 10.1055/a-2450-9437Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The study describes the clinical symptoms, laboratory results, and prognosis of newborn foals diagnosed with uroperitoneum, a rare but recurrent disease. Based on medical records from 2006 to 2018, the researchers found uroperitoneum occurs mostly in male foals with symptoms like tachypnea, tachycardia, and abdominal distension. Immediate diagnosis and treatment offered a good short-term prognosis, while post-surgery follow-ups ensured a good long-term prognosis.

Methodology

  • The researchers carried out a retrospective study, where they examined the medical records of 33 neonatal foals diagnosed with uroperitoneum between 2006 and June 2018.
  • These foals showed clinical symptoms such as a disturbed general condition, rapid breathing (tachypnea), fast heart rate (tachycardia), distended abdomen, and problems urinating.

Findings

  • Uroperitoneum was found to be more common in male foals (78.8%) than in females (21.2%).
  • The average age at diagnosis was 4.3 days, with a range of less than one day to 14 days.
  • Common laboratory findings at the time of diagnosis included low levels of chloride (hypochloridemia), high creatinine levels, high potassium levels (hyperkaliemia), and low sodium levels (hyponatriemia).
  • Out of the foals studied, 26 were surgically treated and 16 (61.5%) survived.
  • Recurrence of uroperitoneum was observed in 6 foals, with 5 undergoing a second operation. Four of these survived.
  • No medical issues related to the urinary tract were observed during a follow-up period ranging from 6 months to 9 years.

Conclusions

  • The study demonstrates that the short-term prognosis for foals diagnosed with uroperitoneum is positive if the condition is detected early and proper treatment is administered.
  • Follow-up sonographic examinations are crucial to detect recurrences in postoperative patients.
  • The long-term prognosis for the disease is also good, with none of the followed-up foals developing urinary tract problems post-surgery.

Cite This Article

APA
Bernick A, Wehrend A. (2024). [Uroperitoneum in neonatal foals – Investigation on incidence, symptoms, laboratory findings and prognosis]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere, 52(6), 318-326. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2450-9437

Publication

ISSN: 2567-5834
NlmUniqueID: 9715779
Country: Germany
Language: ger
Volume: 52
Issue: 6
Pages: 318-326

Researcher Affiliations

Bernick, André
  • Tierklinik für Reproduktionsmedizin und Neugeborenenkunde, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.
Wehrend, Axel
  • Tierklinik für Reproduktionsmedizin und Neugeborenenkunde, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Prognosis
  • Incidence
  • Female
  • Male
  • Peritoneal Diseases / veterinary
  • Peritoneal Diseases / diagnosis
  • Peritoneal Diseases / epidemiology
  • Peritoneal Diseases / surgery
  • Urologic Diseases / veterinary
  • Urologic Diseases / epidemiology
  • Urologic Diseases / diagnosis

Conflict of Interest Statement

Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Citations

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