Analyze Diet
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(19); 3137; doi: 10.3390/ani13193137

Used like Pawns or Treated like Kings? How Narratives around Racehorse Welfare in the 2023 Grand National May Affect Public Acceptance: An Informed Commentary.

Abstract: The 2023 Grand National steeplechase race was delayed when protesters from the animal rights group, 'Animal Rising', gained access to the course just prior to the race. The international media spotlight was focused on what is already a high-profile event and the social licence of both this race and racing in general was scrutinised. Both at the time and for several days afterwards, the general public was exposed to two different narratives from pro- and anti-racing communities. This paper discusses these perspectives and the potential impact on the general public's relationship with racing. Whilst well-meaning and aiming to promote racing, much of the racing industry's commentary inadvertently risked damaging its reputation due to a poor understanding of social licence principles. We explore the reasons for these two groups' alternative perspectives on welfare and suggest considerations for change. Ultimately, if 'the people's race' is to maintain its social licence, the racing community needs to both understand and embrace the concept. Welcoming independent opinions, engaging with different viewpoints, accepting that change is inevitable and, most importantly, being proactive in making changes to prioritise equine welfare will all help racing to move towards greater public acceptance.
Publication Date: 2023-10-08 PubMed ID: 37835743PubMed Central: PMC10571961DOI: 10.3390/ani13193137Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research commentary explores the impact of negative publicity related to racehorse welfare during the 2023 Grand National steeplechase, and how understanding ‘social license’ principles can potentially improve public acceptance of horse racing.

Protest and Public Perception:

  • The 2023 Grand National race was interrupted by protests from an animal rights group named ‘Animal Rising’. This event attracted international attention, scrutinizing the ‘social license’ – the acceptance and approval granted by society – of horse racing as a sport.
  • There were two distinct narratives presented about horse racing – one from those who are pro-racing and one from those against it. The public was exposed to both narratives, influencing their perception and potential acceptance of the sport.

Missteps of the Racing Industry:

  • The racing industry, intending to protect and promote itself, made comments that may have inadvertently damaged its reputation. This was due to a lack of understanding of social license and how society approves or disapproves of practices and institutions that impact the general public or certain communities.

Alternative Views on Horse Welfare:

  • The paper discusses contrasting perspectives from proponents and opponents of horse racing on racehorse welfare. These conflicting viewpoints highlight the need for the racing industry to better comprehend and address public concerns about equine welfare.

Steps Towards Change:

  • To maintain public acceptance or ‘social license’, the horse racing community needs to understand the importance of public sentiment in their practices. This involves welcoming independent opinions, engaging with various viewpoints, accepting that change is necessary, and implementing proactive changes that prioritize horse well-being.
  • Implementing these steps may help the racing industry to forge a path towards improved public acceptance and maintain its social license.

Cite This Article

APA
Pearson G, Douglas J, Wolframm I, Furtado T. (2023). Used like Pawns or Treated like Kings? How Narratives around Racehorse Welfare in the 2023 Grand National May Affect Public Acceptance: An Informed Commentary. Animals (Basel), 13(19), 3137. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13193137

Publication

ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 19
PII: 3137

Researcher Affiliations

Pearson, Gemma
  • The Horse Trust, Slad Lane, Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire HP27 0PP, UK.
  • Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
Douglas, Janet
  • World Horse Welfare, Anne Colvin House, Snetterton, Norwich NR16 2LR, UK.
Wolframm, Inga
  • Applied Research Centre, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Larensteinselaan 26-A, 6882 CT Velp, The Netherlands.
Furtado, Tamzin
  • Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, Liverpool CH64 7TE, UK.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 94 references
  1. Horse Racing Guide Broadcasting History of the Grand National. [(accessed on 5 August 2023)]. Available online: https://grandnational.horseracing.guide/405/broadcastinghistory/
  2. Pinfold J. Where the champion horses run: The origins of Aintree racecourse and the Grand National. Int. J. Hist. Sport 1998;15:137–151.
    doi: 10.1080/09523369808714032google scholar: lookup
  3. Landolt K, Maruff P, Horan B, Kingsley M, Kinsella G, O’Halloran P.D, Hale M.W, Wright B.J. Chronic work stress and decreased vagal tone impairs decision making and reaction time in jockeys. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017;84:151–158.
    pubmed: 28732265
  4. Cullen S, O’Loughlin G, McGoldrick A, Smyth B, May G, Warrington G.D. Physiological demands of flat horse racing jockeys. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2015;29:3060–3066.
    doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000977pubmed: 25932980google scholar: lookup
  5. Dolan E, O’Connor H, McGoldrick A, O’Loughlin G, Lyons D, Warrington G. Nutritional, lifestyle, and weight control practices of professional jockeys. J. Sports Sci. 2011;29:791–799.
    doi: 10.1080/02640414.2011.560173pubmed: 21506039google scholar: lookup
  6. Dolan E, McGoldrick A, Davenport C, Kelleher G, Byrne B, Tormey W, Smith D, Warrington G.D. An altered hormonal profile and elevated rate of bone loss are associated with low bone mass in professional horse-racing jockeys. J. Bone Miner. Metab. 2012;30:534–542.
    pubmed: 22491874
  7. Ely E.R, Price J.S, Smith R.K, Wood J.L.N, Verheyen K.L.P. The effect of exercise regimens on racing performance in National Hunt racehorses. Equine Vet. J. 2010;42:624–629.
  8. Mata F, Bannister-Bell A.J, Young T.J. Risk factors associated with horse fall severity whilst racing over Grand National fences pre-and post-changes to their structure. Comp. Exerc. Physiol. 2022;18:319–327.
    doi: 10.3920/CEP210047google scholar: lookup
  9. Wikipedia List of Equine Fatalities in the Grand National. [(accessed on 5 August 2023)]. Available online: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equine_fatalities_in_the_Grand_National.
  10. Butler D, Valenchon M, Annan R, Whay H.R, Mullan S. Living the ‘best life’ or ‘one size fits all’—Stakeholder perceptions of racehorse welfare. Animals 2019;9:134.
    doi: 10.3390/ani9040134pmc: PMC6523604pubmed: 30935137google scholar: lookup
  11. Sharman P. Runners, Riders and Risk: Safety Issues in the History of Horseracing. pp. 267–291.
  12. Loeb J, Gray A. Social licence to operate: What’s next for horseracing?. Vet. Rec. 2023;193:18–22.
    doi: 10.1002/vetr.3233pubmed: 37417506google scholar: lookup
  13. Lockwood A. Why did we protest at the Grand National? To finally make Britain talk about our treatment of animals. The Guardian. Apr 16, 2023.
  14. Campbell M. Animals, Ethics and Us: A Veterinary’s View of Human-Animal Interactions. .
  15. Bergmann I. Sustainability, thoroughbred racing and the need for change. Pferdeheilkunde 2015;31:490–498.
    doi: 10.21836/PEM20150509google scholar: lookup
  16. Buraimo B, Coster N, Forrest D. Spectator demand for the sport of kings. Appl. Econ. 2021;53:5883–5897.
  17. Patterson H, Hodge V.J. A Survey of Horse Racing Opinions and Perceptions. SportRχiv 2022.
    doi: 10.51224/SRXIV.98google scholar: lookup
  18. Gov.UK . Hunting Act 2004. Gov.UK; London, UK: 2004.
  19. UIPM Obstacle. [(accessed on 22 July 2023)]. Available online: https://www.uipmworld.org/obstacle.
  20. The Horseracing Integrity and Safety Authority Overseeing National, Uniform Integrity and Safety Rules for Thoroughbred Racing in the U.S. [(accessed on 26 June 2023)]. Available online: https://hisaus.org/
  21. Australian Captial Territory Government Greyhounds. [(accessed on 22 July 2023)]; Available online: https://www.cityservices.act.gov.au/pets-and-wildlife/domestic-animals/dogs/your-responsibilities/greyhounds.
  22. Dophinalia-Free Europe Cetacean Legislation by Country. [(accessed on 22 July 2023)]. Available online: http://dfe.ngo/cetacean-legislation-by-country/
  23. Gov.UK . Wild Animals in Circuses Act 2019. Gov.UK; London, UK: 2019.
  24. Criscuolo F, Sueur C. An evolutionary point of view of animal ethics. Front. Psychol. 2020;11:403.
    doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00403pmc: PMC7142228pubmed: 32300318google scholar: lookup
  25. Parsons E.C.M, Rose N.A. The Blackfish effect: Corporate and policy change in the face of shifting public opinion on captive cetaceans. Tour. Mar. Environ. 2018;13:73–83.
  26. Heleski C, Stowe C.J, Fiedler J, Peterson M.L, Brady C, Wickens C, MacLeod J.N. Thoroughbred racehorse welfare through the lens of social license to operate—With an emphasis on a US perspective. Sustainability 2020;12:1706.
    doi: 10.3390/sህ1706google scholar: lookup
  27. Ingle S. Modern pentathlon confirms obstacle racing will replace equestrian from 2024. The Guardian. May 2, 2022.
  28. NSW Government Greyhound Special Commission of Inquiry Factsheet. 2016. [(accessed on 20 July 2023)]. Available online: https://coalitionprotectgreyhounds.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/nsw-fact-sheet-greyhound-racing-industry-nsw-special-commission-of-inquiry.pdf.
  29. Wilson D.A.H. The Welfare of Performing Animals: A Historical Perspective. .
  30. Wikipedia Circus. [(accessed on 22 July 2023)]. Available online: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circus.
  31. Carmeli Y.S. “Cruelty to animals” and nostalgic totality: Performance of a travelling circus in Britain. Int. J. Sociol. Soc. Policy 2002;22:73–88.
    doi: 10.1108/01443330210790201google scholar: lookup
  32. Burns T, Edwards V, Marsh J, Soulsby L, Winter M. Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Hunting with Dogs in England and Wales. .
  33. Douglas J, Owers R, Campbell M.L.H. Social licence to operate: What can equestrian sports learn from other industries?. Animals 2022;12:1987.
    pmc: PMC9367437pubmed: 35953977
  34. Gehman J, Lefsrud L.M, Fast S. Social license to operate: Legitimacy by another name?. Can. Public Adm. 2017;60:293–317.
    doi: 10.1111/capa.12218google scholar: lookup
  35. Edumine Establishing a Social License to Operate in Mining. [(accessed on 19 July 2023)]. Available online: https://learn.edumine.com/store/629764-establishing-a-social-license-to-operate-in-mining.
  36. Wolframm I.A, Douglas J, Pearson G. Changing hearts and minds in the equestrian world one behaviour at a time. Animals 2023;13:748.
    pmc: PMC9952075pubmed: 36830535
  37. The Government of South Australia Government to Support End to Jumps Racing in South Australia. [(accessed on 5 August 2023)]; Available online: https://www.premier.sa.gov.au/media-releases/news-items/government-to-support-end-to-jumps-racing-in-south-australia.
  38. Hampton J.O, Jones B, McGreevy P.D. Social license and animal welfare: Developments from the past decade in Australia. Animals 2020;10:2237.
    doi: 10.3390/ani10122237pmc: PMC7760378pubmed: 33260531google scholar: lookup
  39. Bates D, Mächler M, Bolker B, Walker S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. arXiv 20141406.5823.
  40. . Public Attitudes on the Use of Horses in Sport: Survey Report (November 2022). .
  41. . Opinions of Equestrian Stakeholders on the Use of Horses in Sport: Survey Report (November 2022). .
  42. Campbell N. Were the Grand National Protests O.K? BBC 2 T.V. and BBC 5 Live Radio, 2023; 120 minutes. .
  43. Mellor D.J, Beausoleil N.J, Littlewood K.E, McLean A.N, McGreevy P.D, Jones B, Wilkins C. The 2020 five domains model: Including human–animal interactions in assessments of animal welfare. Animals 2020;10:1870.
    pmc: PMC7602120pubmed: 33066335
  44. Michie S, Van Stralen M.M, West R. The behaviour change wheel: A new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implement. Sci. 2011;6:42.
    doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-6-42pmc: PMC3096582pubmed: 21513547google scholar: lookup
  45. Abraham C, Kok G, Schaalma H, Luszczynska A. Health Promotion. .
  46. Kwasnicka D, Dombrowski S.U, White M, Sniehotta F. Theoretical explanations for maintenance of behaviour change: A systematic review of behaviour theories. Health Psychol. Rev. 2016;10:277–296.
  47. Sephton C. Grand National: Animal Rising Protesters Say They’ll Try to Stop Race from Going Ahead. [(accessed on 15 April 2023)]. Available online: https://news.sky.com/story/grand-national-animal-rising-protesters-say-theyll-try-to-stop-race-from-going-ahead-12857531.
  48. . ITV Racing: Grand National Live. ITV Racing, ITV 1 2023; p 105 minutes.
  49. Walsh D. Grand National 2023: Death and Protest Mean We Must Look Again at This Race. The Times Apr 15, 2023.
  50. Rathborn J. More horses dead at the Grand National—There’s no quick fix for racing’s flawed tradition. Independent Apr 17, 2023.
  51. British Horseracing Authority Making Horseracing Safer. [(accessed on 7 July 2023)]. Available online: https://www.britishhorseracing.com/regulation/making-horseracing-safer/
  52. Webb A. RVC Launches New Study of Injury Risks in British Horse Racing. [(accessed on 5 August 2023)]. Available online: https://www.vettimes.co.uk/news/rvc-launches-new-study-of-injury-risks-in-british-horse-racing/
  53. GrandNational.org.uk Grand National Fences & Course. [(accessed on 5 August 2023)]. Available online: https://www.grandnational.org.uk/fences.php.
  54. Riley S. Fifty years since Foinavon: How the National has changed. Racing Post Apr 4, 2017.
  55. British Horseracing Authority Equine Welfare in British Horseracing. [(accessed on 5 August 2023)]. Available online: https://media.britishhorseracing.com/bha/Welfare/British_Racing_Fact_Sheet.pdf.
  56. Zandvliet L, Anderson M. Getting It Right. Making Corporate-Community Relations Work. .
  57. Van der Voort N, Vanclay F. Social impacts of earthquakes caused by gas extraction in the Province of Groningen, The Netherlands. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 2015;50:1–15.
  58. Jijelava D, Vanclay F. How a large project was halted by the lack of a social Licence to operate: Testing the applicability of the Thomson and Boutilier model. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 2018;73:31–40.
  59. Tversky A, Kahneman D. Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cogn. Psychol. 1973;5:207–232.
  60. Hayibor S, Wasieleski D.M. Effects of the use of the availability heuristic on ethical decision-making in organizations. J. Bus. Ethics. 2009;84:151–165.
  61. Perry A.M. Guilt by saturation: Media liability for third-party violence and the availability heuristic. Northwest. Univ. Law Rev. 2002;97:1045.
  62. Platania J, Crawford J. Media exposure, juror decision-making, and the availability heuristic. Jury Expert 2012;24:53.
  63. Kuran T, Sunstein C.R. Availability cascades and risk regulation. Stan. L. Rev. 1998;51:683.
    doi: 10.2307/1229439google scholar: lookup
  64. Heleski C.R. Social License to Operate–Why Public Perception Matters for Horse Sport–Some Personal Reflections. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2023;124:104266.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104266pubmed: 36898616google scholar: lookup
  65. British Horseracing Authority BHA Statement Following the 2023 Grand National. [(accessed on 5 August 2023)]. Available online: https://www.britishhorseracing.com/press_releases/bha-statement-following-the-2023-grand-national/
  66. Krueger K, Esch L, Farmer K, Marr I. Basic needs in horses?—A literature review. Animals 2021;11:1798.
    doi: 10.3390/ani11061798pmc: PMC8235049pubmed: 34208615google scholar: lookup
  67. Annan R, Trigg L.E, Hockenhull J, Allen K, Butler D, Valenchon M, Mullan S. Racehorse welfare across a training season. Front. Vet. Sci. 2023;10:1208744.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1208744pmc: PMC10336241pubmed: 37448582google scholar: lookup
  68. Vokes J, Lovett A, Sykes B. Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome: An Update on Current Knowledge. Animals 2023;13:1261.
    pmc: PMC10093336pubmed: 37048517
  69. Brooks S.P, Zimmermann G.L, Lang M, Scott S.D, Thomson D, Wilkes G, Hartling L. A framework to guide storytelling as a knowledge translation intervention for health-promoting behaviour change. Implement. Sci. Commun. 2022;3:35.
    doi: 10.1186/s43058-022-00282-6pmc: PMC8962242pubmed: 35346397google scholar: lookup
  70. Duncan E, Graham R, McManus P. ‘No one has even seen… smelt… or sensed a social licence’: Animal geographies and social licence to operate. Geoforum 2018;96:318–327.
  71. Arnot C, Vizzier-Thaxton Y, Scanes C.G. Values, trust and science–building trust in today’s food system in an era of radical transparency. Poult. Sci. 2016;95:2219–2224.
    doi: 10.3382/ps/pew168pubmed: 27444441google scholar: lookup
  72. Wagg S. It Was Ironic That He Should Die in Bed: Injury, Death and the Politics of Safety in the History of Motor Racing. pp. 223–246.
  73. Gorzeń-Mitka I, Wieczorek-Kosmala M. Mapping the energy sector from a risk management research perspective: A bibliometric and scientific approach. Energies 2023;16:2024.
    doi: 10.3390/en16042024google scholar: lookup
  74. Hampton J.O, The-White K. Animal welfare, social license, and wildlife use industries. J. Wildl. Manag. 2019;83:12–21.
    doi: 10.1002/jwmg.21571google scholar: lookup
  75. Langert B. The Battle to Do Good. .
  76. Demuijnck G, Fasterling B. The social license to operate. J. Bus. Ethics. 2016;136:675–685.
    doi: 10.1007/s10551-015-2976-7google scholar: lookup
  77. McCright A.M, Dunlap R.E. Social movement identity and belief systems: An examination of beliefs about environmental problems within the American public. Public Opin. Q. 2008;72:651–676.
    doi: 10.1093/poq/nfn051google scholar: lookup
  78. Sindermann C, Cooper A, Montag C. A short review on susceptibility to falling for fake political news. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 2020;36:44–48.
    doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.03.014pubmed: 32521507google scholar: lookup
  79. Del Vicario M, Scala A, Caldarelli G, Stanley H.E, Quattrociocchi W. Modeling confirmation bias and polarization. Sci. Rep. 2017;7:40391.
    doi: 10.1038/srep40391pmc: PMC5225437pubmed: 28074874google scholar: lookup
  80. Sikder O, Smith R.E, Vivo P, Livan G. A minimalistic model of bias, polarization and misinformation in social networks. Sci. Rep. 2020;10:5493.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62085-wpmc: PMC7099021pubmed: 32218492google scholar: lookup
  81. Feinberg M, Willer R. Moral reframing: A technique for effective and persuasive communication across political divides. Soc. Personal. Psychol. Compass. 2019;13:e12501.
    doi: 10.1111/spc3.12501google scholar: lookup
  82. British Horseracing Authority Horse Welfare in British Racing. [(accessed on 24 September 2023)]. Available online: https://www.britishhorseracing.com/regulation/horse-welfare-british-racing/
  83. British Horseracing Authority Horse Welfare Board. [(accessed on 24 September 2023)]. Available online: https://www.britishhorseracing.com/regulation/horse-welfare-board/
  84. Cheltenham Betting Offers Jockey Club Seeks Injunction to Safeguard Derby Festival from Animal Rights Protests. [(accessed on 22 July 2023)]. Available online: https://www.cheltenhambettingoffers.com/news/jockey-club-seeks-injunction-to-safeguard-derby-festival-from-animal-rights-protests/
  85. Bronk K.C. The role of purpose in life in healthy identity formation: A grounded model. New Dir. Youth Dev. 2011;2011:31–44.
    doi: 10.1002/yd.426pubmed: 22275277google scholar: lookup
  86. Shamah D. Supporting a strong sense of purpose: Lessons from a rural community. New Dir. Youth Dev. 2011;2011:45–58.
    doi: 10.1002/yd.427pubmed: 22275278google scholar: lookup
  87. Petriglieri J.L. Under threat: Responses to and the consequences of threats to individuals’ identities. Acad. Manag. Rev. 2011;36:641–662.
  88. Langert B. The business case for working with your toughest critics. TED Talks 2019; 15 minutes.
  89. Moffat K, Zhang A. The paths to social licence to operate: An integrative model explaining community acceptance of mining. Resources Policy 2014;39:61.
  90. Voconiq Australian Egg Industry Community Research Report. 2022. [(accessed on 5 August 2023)]. Available online: https://voconiq.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Australian-Eggs-2022-Double-Spread.pdf.
  91. Lamb W.F, Mattioli G, Levi S, Roberts J.T, Capstick S, Creutzig F, Minx J.C, Müller-Hansen F, Culhane T, Steinberger J.K. Discourses of climate delay. Glob. Sustain. 2020;3:e17.
    doi: 10.1017/sus.2020.13google scholar: lookup
  92. Voconiq Community Trust in Australia’s Rural Industries: Year Three National Survey. [(accessed on 5 August 2023)]. Available online: https://voconiq.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AgF_2022.pdf.
  93. Moffat K. (Voconiq, Brisbane, New South Wales, Australia). Personal communication. 2023.
  94. Cairns-Lee H. FEI Sports Forum. [(accessed on 5 August 2023)]. Available online: https://inside.fei.org/fei/sports-forum/2023.

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.