Variability of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in different animal species.
Abstract: The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was measured both in whole (ORAC-T) and deproteinized (ORAC-AS) plasma samples of human, pig, cow, rabbit, dog, cat, sheep, horse, dolphin, turkey, guinea-hen and chicken. In the 12 species, ORAC-T data, expressed as micromoles of peroxyl radicals trapped by 11 of sample, were found scattered between 8,600 and 23,000 micromol/l. The species with the highest ORAC-T values were cat among mammals and chicken among avies. ORAC-AS values ranged between 600 and 2000 micromol/l, with the highest values found in dolphin and sheep among mammals, while chicken was first among avies. In the 12 species, the relative contribution of ORAC-AS in relation to ORAC-T ranged from 5% to 20%. Protein SH-groups and uric acid were measured in plasma of all species, but no significant correlation was found between thiols and ORAC-T values or between uric acid and ORAC-AS values. Our results show that: (1) the ORAC method is reproducible and sensitive enough to be used in the comparison of the peroxyl-radical absorbance capacity of protein and non-protein plasma components in different animal species; (2) both in mammals and in avies, there is a deep intra-class heterogeneity of ORAC-T and ORAC-AS values; (3) by considering most species, plasma proteins and lipoproteins account for about 85-90% of the overall peroxyl-radical trapping capacity. In the dolphin only, the protein contribution decreases to 80%; (4) uric acid accounts for about one-half of the ORAC-AS value in human, guinea-hen and for about one-third in chicken, while it provides a very limited contribution in other species. We conclude that species with the highest ORAC-T, like cat and chicken, or with the highest ORAC-AS, like dolphin, are interesting models to study the reasons of such a marked antioxidant defense in the plasma.
Publication Date: 1999-01-30 PubMed ID: 9925032DOI: 10.1080/10715769800300441Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research paper evaluates the variation in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in the bloodstream of various animal species. It further investigates the antioxidant defense mechanisms in animals with the highest ORAC values.
Methodology and Measurements
- The research measured the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) in two variations. The first was using whole plasma samples (ORAC-T) and the second was using deproteinized plasma samples (ORAC-AS).
- The animals involved in this study were a variety of 12 species: human, pig, cow, rabbit, dog, cat, sheep, horse, dolphin, turkey, guinea-hen, and chicken.
- The ORAC-T and ORAC-AS data were represented in micromoles of peroxyl radicals caught per 11 of sample. This ranged between 8,600 and 23,000 micromol/l for ORAC-T and 600 to 2000 micromol/l for ORAC-AS.
- In addition, the researchers measured protein SH-groups and uric acid across all species involved. However, they found no significant correlations between these components and the ORAC-T or ORAC-AS values.
Key Findings
- The results showed that the ORAC methodology is sensitive and reproduceable, making it suitable to compare the peroxyl-radical absorbance capacity of protein and non-protein plasma components in different animal species.
- Among all sampled species, cats had the highest ORAC-T values among mammals, while chickens led among avies. Meanwhile, dolphins and sheep exhibited the highest ORAC-AS values among mammals, and again chicken showed the highest value among avies.
- Across most species, plasma proteins and lipoproteins accounted for about 85-90% of the total peroxyl-radical trapping capacity. The only exception was the dolphin, where the protein contribution decreased to 80%.
- Uric acid was found to constitute about half of the ORAC-AS value in humans and guinea-hens and about a third in chickens. However, it played a minor role in other species.
Conclusions
- The researchers concluded that species with notable ORAC-T, like cats and chickens, or with significant ORAC-AS, like dolphins, provide intriguing models for further study on the reasons behind such strong antioxidant defense mechanisms in the bloodstream.
Cite This Article
APA
Ninfali P, Aluigi G.
(1999).
Variability of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in different animal species.
Free Radic Res, 29(5), 399-408.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10715769800300441 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Istituto di Chimica Biologica G. Fornaini, Università di Urbino, Urbino (PS), Italy. p.ninfali@bib.uniurb.it
MeSH Terms
- Absorption
- Animals
- Antioxidants / metabolism
- Birds
- Cats
- Cattle
- Chickens
- Dogs
- Dolphins
- Free Radicals
- Half-Life
- Horses
- Humans
- Peroxides / blood
- Rabbits
- Sheep
- Spectrometry, Fluorescence
- Swine
- Turkeys
- Uric Acid / blood
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Percival BC, Wann A, Zbasnik R, Schlegel V, Edgar M, Zhang J, Ampem G, Wilson P, Gresley AL, Naughton D, Grootveld M. Evaluations of the Peroxidative Susceptibilities of Cod Liver Oils by a (1)H NMR Analysis Strategy: Peroxidative Resistivity of a Natural Collagenous and Biogenic Amine-Rich Fermented Product.. Nutrients 2020 Mar 12;12(3).
- Tian R, Seim I, Ren W, Xu S, Yang G. Contraction of the ROS Scavenging Enzyme Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Family in Cetaceans.. G3 (Bethesda) 2019 Jul 9;9(7):2303-2315.
- Corsato Alvarenga I, Aldrich CG. The effect of sorghum fractions on apparent total tract digestibility and antioxidant capacity by dogs.. PLoS One 2018;13(10):e0206090.
- Miyaji K, Nagao K, Bannai M, Asakawa H, Kohyama K, Ohtsu D, Terasawa F, Ito S, Iwao H, Ohtani N, Ohta M. Characteristic metabolism of free amino acids in cetacean plasma: cluster analysis and comparison with mice.. PLoS One 2010 Nov 2;5(11):e13808.
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