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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2024; 14(6); doi: 10.3390/ani14060945

Warm-Up Strategies and Effects on Performance in Racing Horses and Sport Horses Competing in Olympic Disciplines.

Abstract: Warm-up is a standard component of exercise preparation, intended to lower the risk of injury and improve performance. Comprehensive evidence-based guidelines per discipline are missing. This scoping review aimed to describe the physiological effects and strategies of active warm-up in horses according to different equestrian disciplines. The search strategies identified 479 papers for review. After application of selection criteria, 23 articles published from 1996 to January 2024 were included of which 12 discussed the effects of warm-up on physiological parameters and 11 discussed warm-up strategies in different disciplines. As shown in humans, warm-up enhanced aerobic capacity and increased blood and muscle temperatures, independently from its intensity. Riders emphasized the importance of warm-up to prepare horses for physical work and to increase their reactiveness to aids. A canter or trot was the preferred gait in elite or non-elite dressage horses, respectively, while the walk was in show jumping horses. Warm-up duration and intensity increased with increasing competitive level, but a longer and/or more intensive warm-up did not affect the final score. Dressage riders warmed up their horses for a longer time compared to show jumping riders. Future studies should objectively establish the most profitable warm-up strategies per equestrian discipline and level.
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Publication Date: 2024-03-19 PubMed ID: 38540044PubMed Central: PMC10967340DOI: 10.3390/ani14060945Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article studies the effects and strategies of warm-ups in horses used in Olympic disciplines. The research finds that just as in humans, warm-up in horses enhances aerobic capacity, boosts blood and muscle temperatures and have been deemed beneficial by the riders.

Research Method

  • The researchers conducted a review of existing scientific literature regarding the topic of warm-ups in horses.
  • A systematic search strategy was employed, resulting in 479 papers that were related to the topic.
  • Upon application of a set of selection criteria, 23 articles were included in the final review. These articles were published within a substantial timeframe from 1996 to January 2024.
  • Out of these 23 articles, 12 discussed the impact of warm-ups on physiological parameters, while 11 talked about warm-up strategies specific to different equestrian disciplines.

Key Findings

  • Warm-up in horses was seen to improve aerobic capacity, blood circulation and muscle temperature, similar to the advantages observed in humans.
  • Riders reported that warm-ups aid in preparing the horses for physical tasks and enhance their response to the instructions given.
  • A canter or trot was the most preferred warm-up gait for elite and non-elite dressage horses respectively, while walking was preferred for show jumping horses.
  • The duration and intensity of warm-up routines were found to increase with higher competition levels. However, the study found that an extended or more intense warm-up didn’t have an impact on the final score.
  • Dressage riders were observed to warm up their horses for longer durations compared to show jumping riders.

Conclusion and Future Scope

  • The review concluded the importance of warm-ups for horses in competitive disciplines. However, it did not ascertain the most effective warm-up strategies respective to each equestrian discipline and competition level.
  • The study urged future researchers to establish objectively the most profitable warm-up strategies tailored to each equestrian discipline and level.

Cite This Article

APA
Frippiat T, Votion DM. (2024). Warm-Up Strategies and Effects on Performance in Racing Horses and Sport Horses Competing in Olympic Disciplines. Animals (Basel), 14(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14060945

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 6

Researcher Affiliations

Frippiat, Thibault
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
  • Sportpaardenarts-Equine Sports Medicine, 1250AD Laren, The Netherlands.
Votion, Dominique-Marie
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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