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Veterinary research2010; 41(6); 67; doi: 10.1051/vetres/2010039

West Nile virus and its emergence in the United States of America.

Abstract: Zoonotic West Nile virus (WNV) circulates in natural transmission cycles involving certain mosquitoes and birds, horses, humans, and a range of other vertebrates are incidental hosts. Clinical infections in humans can range in severity from uncomplicated WNV fever to fatal meningoencephalitis. Since its introduction to the Western Hemisphere in 1999, WNV had spread across North America, Central and South America and the Caribbean, although the vast majority of severe human cases have occurred in the United States of America (USA) and Canada. By 2002-2003, the WNV outbreaks have involved thousands of patients causing severe neurologic disease (meningoencephalitis and poliomyelitis-like syndrome) and hundreds of associated fatalities in USA. The purpose of this review is to present recent information on the epidemiology and pathogenicity of WNV since its emergence in North America.
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Publication Date: 2010-12-29 PubMed ID: 21188801PubMed Central: PMC2913730DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2010039Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper reviews the emergence and spread of West Nile Virus (WNV) in the United States and the devastating impact it has had on human health. The study also provides detailed information on the epidemiology and pathogenicity of WNV.

Research on West Nile Virus

The research focuses primarily on documenting and reviewing the emergence of WNV in the United States. This virus, known for its zoonotic nature, predominantly cycles between certain species of mosquitoes and birds, with animals such as horses and humans as incidental hosts.

  • While humans can host the virus, the severity of the infection can significantly vary, ranging from mild fever to severe health conditions such as meningoencephalitis, which can be fatal.
  • The study highlights the rapid spread of WNV since its introduction to North America in 1999. From North America, the virus has extended its reach to Central and South America and the Caribbean.

WNV Incidence in the United States and Canada

The article emphasizes the high incidence and severity of WNV cases in the United States and Canada.

  • Most severe human cases of WNV have been reported in these countries. Despite its widespread presence, the United States reports the greatest number of fatalities arising from WNV-related health conditions.
  • The large-scale impact of WNV is underscored by presenting data from 2002-2003, which highlights thousands of patients suffering from severe neurologic diseases, such as meningoencephalitis and poliomyelitis-like syndrome, with many associated fatalities.

Epidemiology and Pathogenicity of WNV

The review further delves into the epidemiology and pathogenicity of the West Nile Virus, offering recent insights into its persistence and outbreak in North America.

  • Epidemiology is the study of the causes, distribution, and control of diseases in populations. The authors present a detailed account of the epidemiology of WNV, including its introduction, spread, and current distribution.
  • The study also provides insights into the pathogenesis or disease process of WNV, discussing the varied severities of the disease, its neurological impacts, and the risk of fatalities.

Cite This Article

APA
Murray KO, Mertens E, Despres P. (2010). West Nile virus and its emergence in the United States of America. Vet Res, 41(6), 67. https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres/2010039

Publication

Veterinary research
ISSN: 0928-4249
NlmUniqueID: 9309551
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 41
Issue: 6
Pages: 67
PII: 67

Researcher Affiliations

Murray, Kristy O
  • University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Mertens, Eva
    Despres, Philippe

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Communicable Diseases, Emerging / epidemiology
      • Humans
      • United States / epidemiology
      • West Nile Fever / epidemiology
      • West Nile Fever / virology
      • West Nile virus / physiology

      Grant Funding

      • R01 AI091816 / NIAID NIH HHS

      References

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