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Equine veterinary journal2023; doi: 10.1111/evj.13947

Withers vertical movement symmetry is useful for locating the primary lame limb in naturally occurring lameness.

Abstract: During orthopaedic assessment of lame horses, a head nod is commonly present in both primary forelimb and hindlimb lame horses. Additional motion metrics that could assist clinicians in correctly differentiating between these two scenarios would be of great clinical value. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to examine whether withers movement asymmetry can be used in a clinical setting to distinguish primary forelimb lameness from compensatory head movement asymmetry due to primary hindlimb lameness. Methods: Retrospective, multicentre study. Methods: Movement asymmetry of head, withers and pelvis was measured using multi-camera optical motion capture, as part of routine lameness investigations at four European equine hospitals. Vertical movement asymmetry parameters from 317 horses trotting in a straight line were compared before and after successful diagnostic analgesia of a single limb. Descriptive statistics, t-tests and linear models were used to analyse the data. Results: In forelimb lame horses, 80%-81% showed head and withers asymmetry both indicating lameness in the same forelimb. In hindlimb lame horses, 69%-72% showed head asymmetry ipsilateral to the lame hindlimb and withers asymmetry diagonal to the lame hindlimb, thus, head and withers asymmetry indicated lameness in different forelimbs. A large (>15 mm) compensatory head nod was seen in 28%-31% of the hindlimb lame horses. In 89%-92% of these, head and withers asymmetry indicated lameness in different forelimbs. Withers asymmetry decreased linearly with reduced head or pelvic asymmetry for both forelimb and hindlimb lame horses. Conclusions: Compensatory strategies were evaluated on group level to identify common patterns, potentially ignoring uncommon individual strategies. Conclusions: Withers vertical movement asymmetry metrics can be useful in helping to locate the primary lame limb during quantitative lameness assessment. Head and withers movement asymmetry parameters generally indicate the same forelimb in forelimb lame horses, but different forelimbs in hindlimb lame horses. Unassigned: Während der orthopädischen Untersuchung lahmer Pferde tritt häufig bei primär lahmenden Vorder- und Hintergliedmaßen ein Kopfnicken auf. Zusätzliche Bewegungsmetriken, die den Kliniker bei der korrekten Unterscheidung dieser beiden Szenarien unterstützen könnten, wären von großem klinischem Wert. Unassigned: Das Hauptziel dieser Studie war zu untersuchen, ob die Asymmetrie der Widerristbewegung in einer klinischen Umgebung verwendet werden kann, um zwischen primärer Vordergliedmaßen-Lahmheit und kompensatorischer Kopfasymmetrie aufgrund primärer Hintergliedmaßen-Lahmheit zu unterscheiden. Methods: Retrospektive, multizentrische Studie. Methods: Die Bewegungsasymmetrie von Kopf, Widerrist und Becken wurde mithilfe einer Mehrkamera-Optikbewegungserfassung im Rahmen von Routine-Untersuchungen von Lahmheiten an vier europäischen Pferdekliniken gemessen. Vertikale Bewegungsasymmetrieparameter von 317 Pferden, die auf der Geraden trabten, wurden vor und nach erfolgreicher diagnostischer Anästhesie einer einzelnen Gliedmaße verglichen. Deskriptive Statistiken, t-Tests und lineare Modelle wurden zur Analyse der Daten verwendet. Results: Bei Pferden, die auf der Vorderextremität lahmten, zeigten 80%-81% eine Asymmetrie von Kopf und Widerrist, die beide auf eine Lahmheit in derselben Vordergliedmaße hinwiesen. Bei Pferden mit einer Lahmheit der Hinterextremität zeigten 69%-72% eine Kopfasymmetrie ipsilateral zur lahmenden Hintergliedmaße und eine Widerristasymmetrie diagonal zur lahmenden Hintergliedmaße, wobei Kopf- und Widerristasymmetrie auf eine Lahmheit in verschiedenen Vordergliedmaßen hinwiesen. Eine große (>|15| mm) kompensatorische Kopfbewegung wurde bei 28%-31% der Pferde mit einer Hinterextremitätslahmheit beobachtet. Bei 89%-92% dieser Pferde wiesen Kopf- und Widerristasymmetrie auf Lahmheit in verschiedenen Vordergliedmaßen hin. Die Widerristasymmetrie nahm linear mit reduzierter Kopf- oder Beckenasymmetrie bei sowohl Vorder- als auch Hinterextremitätslahmheiten ab. WICHTIGSTE EINSCHRÄNKUNGEN: Kompensatorische Bewegungsabläufe wurden auf Gruppenebene bewertet, um gemeinsame Muster zu identifizieren, wodurch potenziell ungewöhnliche individuelle Strategien ignoriert werden könnten. Unassigned: Metriken zur vertikalen Bewegungsasymmetrie des Widerrists können dabei helfen, die primäre lahme Gliedmaße bei der quantitativen Lahmheitsuntersuchung zu lokalisieren. Die Bewegungsasymmetrieparameter von Kopf und Widerrist weisen in der Regel bei einer Lahmheit der Vorderextremität auf diesselbe Vordergliedmaße hin, aber bei Pferden mit einer Lahmheit der Hinterextremität auf verschiedene Vordergliedmaße.
Publication Date: 2023-05-24 PubMed ID: 37226583DOI: 10.1111/evj.13947Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

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This research investigates the use of withers movement asymmetry in distinguishing primary forelimb lameness from compensatory head movement in lame horses. The study found this method useful in locating the primary lame limb during lameness assessment, with withers and head movement generally indicating the same forelimb in forelimb lame horses, but different limbs in hindlimb lame horses.

Objective of the Study

  • The main aim of the study was to determine if withers movement asymmetry could be applied in a clinical environment to differentiate primary forelimb lameness from compensatory head movement as a result of primary hindlimb lameness in horses.

Methodology

  • The study employed a retrospective, multicentre approach.
  • Movement asymmetry of the head, withers, and pelvis of horses was measured using multiple-camera optical motion capture, during standard lameness examinations at four European equine hospitals.
  • Vertical movement asymmetry parameters from 317 horses trotting in a straight line were compared before and after successful diagnostic anaesthesia of a single limb.
  • Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and linear models were utilized to analyze the data collected in the study.

Results

  • The study found that in forelimb lame horses, 80%-81% showed both head and withers asymmetry that indicated lameness in the same forelimb.
  • In the case of hindlimb lame horses, 69%-72% demonstrated head asymmetry ipsilateral to the lame hindlimb, and withers asymmetry diagonal to the lame hindlimb. Meaning, head and withers asymmetry indicated lameness in different forelimbs.
  • A significant compensatory head nod was observed in 28%-31% of the hindlimb lame horses. In 89%-92% of these cases, head and withers asymmetry pointed to lameness in different forelimbs.
  • Withers asymmetry decreased linearly with a reduction in head or pelvic asymmetry for both forelimb and hindlimb lame horses.

Conclusions

  • The study concluded that compensatory strategies were evaluated at the group level to identify common patterns, possibly overlooking uncommon individual strategies.
  • Withers vertical movement asymmetry metrics were found to be useful in assisting to locate the primary lame limb during quantitative lameness assessment.
  • The research found that head and withers movement asymmetry parameters typically indicate the same forelimb in forelimb lame horses, but different forelimbs in hindlimb lame horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Persson-Sjodin E, Hernlund E, Pfau T, Andersen PH, Forsström KH, Byström A, Serra Bragança FM, Hardeman A, Greve L, Egenvall A, Rhodin M. (2023). Withers vertical movement symmetry is useful for locating the primary lame limb in naturally occurring lameness. Equine Vet J. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13947

Publication

ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Persson-Sjodin, Emma
  • Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Hernlund, Elin
  • Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Pfau, Thilo
  • Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Andersen, Pia Haubro
  • Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Forsström, Karin Holm
  • Equine Clinic, University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Byström, Anna
  • Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Serra Bragança, Filipe M
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Hardeman, Aagje
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • DataHorse, Wierden, The Netherlands.
Greve, Line
  • Evidensia Specialist Equine Hospital Helsingborg, Helsingborg, Sweden.
Egenvall, Agneta
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Rhodin, Marie
  • Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.

Grant Funding

  • SLU ua 2018.4.2-2084 / Marie-Claire Cronstedts Stiftelse
  • 2014-12003-28225-26 / Svenska Forskningsru00e5det Formas
  • H-14-47-013 / Swedish-Norwegian Foundation for Equine Research

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Citations

This article has been cited 8 times.